A level Geography Changing Places 20 mark questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified

A level Geography Changing Places 20 mark questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified 1. Evaluate the role of one or more external forces in changing lived experience in the local or distant place you have studied. External forces might include: - government policies - multinational corporations - international or global institutions ANSWER: GOVERNMENT POLICIES - ELLIS ACT 1985 - Definition of the act... - Ellis Act evictions were recorded - Rent prices increased from $2,400 in 2010 to $3,800 in 2014, per month - Caused by external properties evicting tenants, doing up the property and then selling it to private owners - Forced long term Latino residents out, causing conflict, changing lived experience from colourful and cultural to prolonged anger INTERNATIONAL OR GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS - DOTCOM BOOM - Definition... - Median incomes rose from $15,000 in 1980 to $65,000 in 2012 - Drug related crimes dropped from 2,000 in 2003 to 1,000 in 2013 - Higher income residents attracted to SV, cultural richness and climate - Changing lived experience positively, well-educated and richer people increased incomes and decreased crimes CONCLUSION - Government policies = negatively - International or global institutions = positively 2. 'The changing character of a place over time is more effectively represented by statistics and cartographical sources than artistic sources such as painting, poetry and photography.' With reference to either your local or distant place, critically assess the extent to which you agree with this statement ANSWER: STATISTICAL SOURCES - Allows for the descriptive approach to studying place - Census data, Mission District - 18% of people in 1980 had a college degree, now in 2013 52% do - Median incomes rose from $15,000 in 1980 to $65,000 in 2012 - In 2000 32% of the population were White and 50% Latino, now in 2014 40% are White and 38% Latino - This supports that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and each place is distinct - However, its only as good as the data it is based on and not everyone fills out the census CARTOGRAPHICAL SOURCES - Allows for descriptive approach as well - Regeneration e.g. Bryant Square would have been drawn up on a map to show changing character - However, handwritten maps are not always accurate and tend to be subjective, OS maps tend to be quite basic and maps aren't updated frequently - Maps do represent change but not effectively ARTISTIC SOURCES - Allows for social constructionist and phenomenological approach to studying place - Paintings = Anthony Holdsworth, sunny and colourful MD - Poetry = Alejandro Murguia, "16th and Valencia" represents anger and gentrification - Photographs = Pete Geniella, "Mission District shooting" represents crime and danger, where as Paul Sableman represents a peaceful and quiet neighbourhood - Supports that place is a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time (SC) - Supports that there is a highly personal relationship between place and person (P) - These are subjective though - Presenting a visual representation of change CONCLUSION - Agree to a lesser extent - Artistic shows change over a longer period - All do have limitations - Most effective representation is by all 3 3. "Place and sense of place do not lend themselves to scientific analysis for they are inextricably bound up with all the hopes, frustrations and confusions of life..." (Relph). With reference to both qualitative and quantitative data, assess the extent to which you agree with this quote in determining past and present lived experience of place? ANSWER: QUALITATIVE DATA - DISAGREE - Provides analysis of subjective views on place and sense of place - Anthony Holdsworth = sunny and colourful paintings, positive experience of place - Alejandro Murguia = "16th and Valencia" anger and gentrification, negative experience of place - Accurate scientific analysis can then be carried out as insider perspectives is what determines sense of place (subjective and emotional attachment) - May be bias but once a large sample has been taken, the depth of meanings can be understood QUANTITATIVE DATA - PARTIALLY AGREE - Some data is used incorrectly, creating an inaccurate representation - Census data provides a statistical comparison (state data on change in Latino %) - However, further analysis would have to be carried out, past is harder as past census data doesn't show some data e.g. occupation and place of birth CONCLUSION - Partially agree - They are actually useful for qualitative data - Not so much past experience for quantitative data 4. Evaluate how far lived experiences of different groups in a place that you have studied has led to different place identities ANSWER: YES - Latino lived experience due to recent events has created a negative place identity - Latino population decreased from 50% in 2000 to 38% in 2014, mainly due to the Ellis Act 1985 - Explain Ellis Act... - Isabella Pineda, resident of the Mission for 24 years, identity changed from vibrant Latino culture to incapability of paying rising rent prices and the fear of eviction NO - External forces such as the Dotcom Boom has created positive place identity - Explain Dotcom Boom... - Median incomes rose from $15,000 in 1980 to $65,000 in 2012 - Drug related crimes dropped from 2,000 in 2003 to 1,000 in 2013 - Higher income residents attracted to SV, cultural richness and climate - Alistair Crane, British tech worker, bringing new life and opportunities to the MD CONCLUSION - Yes, but to a certain extent - Lived Latino experience has led to negative place identity - However, external forces has led to positive place identity 5. You have studied a local and distant place. Assess the extent to which the demographic characteristics or patterns of social inequality are influenced by the built environment in both your local and distant place ANSWER: WINCHESTER - Demographic characteristics influenced in the past - Construction of the railway in 1840 allowed for the population to increase, leads to increase in young professions (45% now 25-49 years old) - These commute to London, bringing money back to Winchester - Changed the age and income demographics - Not so much recently, Silver Hill failed - Therefore, limited to past and present developments MISSION DISTRICT - Dotcom Boom...Ellis Act... - Companies evicted mainly Latino and caused gentrification, increasing house and rent prices - Led to a negative change in demographics - Education levels increased (52% in 2013 have a college degree, only 18% in 1980) drug related crimes dropped e.g.... - Led to a positive change in demographics - Therefore, influencing negatively and positively CONCLUSION - Lesser extent for Winchester - Greater extent for Mission District 6. 'Conflict often arises when people who live in a place try to resist changes that appear to have been forced upon them by organisations, groups and individuals from outside that place.' To what extent does this statement apply to one or more places that you have studied? ANSWER: MISSION DISTRICT - Groups and Individuals - Gentrification has caused conflict - Dotcom Boom...Alistair Crane... - SKS Developers attracted as a result of the Dotcom Boom, developed Bryant Square which led to conflict from Latinos - They have lower levels of education and income so are seen as a minority WINCHESTER - Partially applies - Conflict from Silver Hill (external) but also from the local government (internal) - Silver Hill scheme made its way through lots of organisations due to bankruptcies and complaints - Kim Gottleib, member of WCC, decided to take Henderson Global Investors to Court - Conflict also from government planning policies, leading to pressure groups (Winchester Deserves Better) being created - Local people are well educated and have high incomes so were seen as a powerful force, leading to an end of conflict - Yes conflict from organisations but groups and individuals have helped to maintain this CONCLUSION - Applies to Winchester to a lesser extent - Applies to the MD to a great extent 7. Assess the usefulness of different visual sources in helping you to understand the local place you have studied. This might include GIS maps, photographs and artistic representations ANSWER: GIS MAPS - Gathers, manages and analyses data - Analyses spatial location and organises layers of information into visualisations - Census data can be put into data presentation techniques, showing change - Accurate and reliable, insiders and outsiders - Expensive, not commonly used, not everyone fills out the survey PHOTOGRAPHS - Positively or negatively portrays place - Modern photos on Flickr portray Winchester as historic and a place for shopping - Not always reliable as photoshop leads to inaccurate representations - Specific places photographed e.g. not Friarsgate ARTISITC REPRESENTATIONS - Songs and poems represent insider perspective which may be subjective but still very useful as its based on lived experience - Frank Turner's song says Winchester is great for growing up and socialising, positive - Jane Austen's poem says Winchester is full of gambling and bad weather, negative - However, positive and negative views still help to understand place CONCLUSION - Usefulness of GIS, past photographs and songs and poems = high - Usefulness of present photographs = low - Overall, visual representations are useful in understanding Winchester 8. 'The impact of globalisation has transformed and improved places beyond recognition.' With reference to your distant place, critically assess this statement ANSWER: HAS CHANGED - Dotcom Boom... - Transformed and improved the economy but at the expense of low-income Latino groups - Demographic and cultural change, leading to conflict HASN'T CHANGED - Even through changes such as Alistair Crane...Latino presence is still there - Can be seen through Isabella Pineda and poetry which demonstrates the anger is still there - Not been perceived as improvements to the local Latino population CONCLUSION - Globalisation has caused gentrification, transforming the MD through lower levels of crime and increased incomes - But these have caused prolonged anger, which is still present, not changing it beyond recognition