UNE Medical Biochem Final questions and answers well detailed.

UNE Medical Biochem Final questions and answers well detailed. The cellular uptake of LDL increase intracellular cholesterol levels. This has which of the following impacts on de novo cholesterol synthesis? - correct answers.Increases degradation of HMG-CoA reductase Dietary cholesterol is primarily transported in the body by which of the following lipoproteins? - correct answers.Chylomicrons. Cholesterol and TG from diet are transported from intestine to liver via chylomicrons. The LDL receptor is also highly regulated in the cell. Which of the following proteins targets the LDL receptor for degradation? - correct answers.Proprotein converts subtillisin/kexin type 9 (PSK9) Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol and are used for the emulsification of dietary lipids. What is the primary fate of bile salts during digestion? - correct answers.They are absorbed in the ileum. Secondary bile salts are excreted in the feces. A deficiency in the LDL receptor will result in an initial decrease in which of the following? - correct answers.Intracellular cholesterol A 45-year-old man has a mild heart attack and a history of vascular disease. He is placed on a Mediterranean diet and statin drug therapy. Which of the following will be the most likely result of this drug therapy? - correct answers.Low blood LDLs Statins: directly reduce de novo cholesterol synthesis and increase LDL receptor expression--increase LDL uptake and reduce circulating levels of LDLs Secondary bile salts lack a hydroxyl (OH) group when compared to primary bile salts. What is the consequence of the loss of this group? - correct answers.Secondary bile salts are less soluble. Less likely to be absorbed. Which of the following is NOT required for the transport of newly synthesized fatty acids to the adipose? - correct answers.Carnitine to shuttle the fatty acids out of the mitochondria. Carnitine shuttle is required for the process of beta-oxidation to transport fatty acyl chains into the mito. What is the primary component of a VLDL particle? - correct answers.Triagcylglycerols From de novo synthesis in the liver. A 5-year-old presents to her primary care physician. Her mother is concerned due to persistent diarrhea which is worse when eating fatty foods. The child also has some clinical signs of a deficiency in vitamins A, D, E, and K (fat soluble vitamins). Based on this information, the child likely has a deficiency in the ability to synthesize which of the following lipoproteins? - correct answers.Chylomicrons Chylomicrons transport dietary fats and fat soluble vitamins. VLDL particles have which of the following combinations of apoproteins in their mature form? - correct answers.ApoB100, ApoCII, ApoE Which of the following is the major source of extracellular cholesterol for human tissues? - correct answers.LDLs Primary role of LDL: transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues The interaction of chylomicrons with lipoprotein lipase is stimulated by which of the following Apo proteins? - correct answers.ApoC II Apo C II is acquired from an interaction with HDL and is required to activate lipoprotein lipase. Phospholipids are also required for this activation. Shortly after meal high in fat you would expect an elevation of which of the follow lipoproteins in circulation? - correct answers.Chylomicrons A 45-year old man is found to have an elevated serum cholesterol of 300mg/dL after a 12 hr. fast. Which of the following lipoproteins would be the largest contributors to a measurement of plasma cholesterol in a normal person following a 12 hour fast? - correct answers.HDLs and LDLs Both LDL and HDL are the major carriers of cholesterol in circulation. VLDLs would be the best represented of serum triglycerides. Which of the following is the regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis? - correct answers.Acetyl CoA carboxylase Step: synthesis of malonyl coA Uses CO2 and biotin to add carbon to cytosolic acetyl CoA Which of the following is the regulated step of lipogenesis in eukaryotes? - correct answers.Carboxylation of acetyl CoA A defect in the thioesterase subunit of fatty acid synthase would impair which of the following activities of the enzyme complex? - correct answers.Liberation of newly assembled palmitate from the enzyme. Fatty acid synthase is a multimeric enzyme and the final and sixth enzyme in the chain is the thioesterase which will liberate the newly formed palmitate. An individual consumes a large meal consisting of a cheeseburger and fries. Which of the following intermediates is shuttled out of the TCA cycle to be used as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis? - correct answers.Citrate The tricarboxylate transporter is responsible for moving citrate from the mito to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis. An increase in the ratio of insulin to glucagon leads to which of the following metabolic shifts? - correct answers.Acetyl CoA carboxylase will become dephosphorylated and active When insulin is elevated, fed state pathways will be persistent. This will include the activation of acetyl CoA carboxylase through dephosphorylation. Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its allosteric inhibitor? - correct answers.Acetyl CoA Carboxylase: palmityol CoA Regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis is the synthesis of malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase. This enzyme can be inhabited by fatty acyl CoA. Elevated fatty acyl CoA will also inhibit the tricarboxylate transporter and reduce citrate efflux from the TCA. NADPH is essential for fatty acid synthesis and can be generated by which two enzymes? - correct answers.Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase & Malic enzyme NOT--pyruvate dehydrogenase complex