Med Surg Hesi Review Q&A

1. Allergic to bananasallergic to latex 2. A pt is admitted with diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and cellulitis. The pt K lvl is 5.6.The RN understands that what could be contributing factors for this lab result SATA a. The lvl may be ↑ as a result of dehydration that accompanies hyperglycemia b. Pt may be excreting extra Na and retaining K because of malnutrition c. The lvl is consistent with renal insufficiency that develop with renal nephropathy d. The lvl may be raised as a result of metabolic ketoacidosis caused by hyperglycemia 3. The RN is completing a neurovascular assessment on the pt with tibial fracture and a cast. The feet are pulselessness, pale, and cool. The patient says they are numb. What should the RN suspect is occurring? a. Paresthesia b. Pitting edema c. Poor venous return d. Compartment syndrome 4. A 65 year old woman was just dx with parkinsons disease. Priority RN intervention is a. Searching the internet for educational videos b. Eval the home for environmental safety c. Promoting physical exercise and a well-balanced diet d. Designing an exercise program to strengthen and strength specific muscles 5. You are teaching a pt with osteomalacia. What is important to include in the teaching plan? a. Lose weight b. Take a vit D supplement c. Eat a high protein diet d. Start swimming for exercise 6. The teaching plan for the pt being D/C after an acute episode of upper GI bled includes info concerning the importance of a. Only taking aspirin with milk or bread products b. Avoid taking aspirin and drugs containing aspirin c. Only taking drugs prescribed by the health care provider d. Taking all drugs 1 hr before mealtime to prevent further bleeding e. Reading all OTC drug labels to avoid those containing stearic acid and calcium f. Coffee ground emesis is blood sitting in body longer 7. When caring for a pt during the Oliguric phase of AKI(cannot excrete) what is an appropriate nursing intervention a. Restric fluids 8. A pt with RA is experiencing involvement of the joints. The RN recognizes that these characteristic changes include a. Bamboo shaped fingers b. Metatarsal head dislocation in feet c. Noninflammatory pain in large joints d. Asymmetric involvement of small joints e. Morning stiffness lasting 60 minutes or more 9. Pt with severe pounding headache has been dx with htn. HTN not responding to traditional tx. What should the RN expect as the next step in management of this pt. a. Admin B-blocker b. Abd palpation to search for tumor c. Admin of K sparing diuretic d. A 24hr urine collection for fractionated metanephrines 10. 8 hrs of computer work injury a. Carpal tunnel 11. The rn is assessing a pt who has just returned from hemodialysis. What is an unexpected fiding that warrants notification of the HCP a. Feeling of malaise b. Nausea and anorexia c. Muscle cramps in the legs d. Bleeding at the access site 12. During DC teaching for th pt with addisons disease which statement nby the pt indicates that the RN needs to do additional teaching a. I should always call the doc if I develop vomiting or diarrhea b. If my weight goes down my dosage of steroid is probably too high (would be too low) c. I should double or triple my steoid dose if I undergo rigorous physical exercise d. I need to carry an emergency kit with injectable hydrocortisone in case I can’t take my medication PO 13. Post herpetic neuralgia is a chronic pain syndrome that may develop after an outbreak of herpes zoster. Post herpetic neuralgia can be prevented by a. Tx with gaba b. Zostavax 14. A 52 yo man is admitted to the ER with severe chest pain. How to suspect an MI? a. Pale cool clammy b. Reports N&V c. Anxious and has a feeling of impending doom d. He reports he has had no relief of the pain with rest or position change e. Fatigue and dyspnea for women’ 15. BNP for differentiating dyspnea from HF by telling if ventricular stretching is occurring 16. CAD emphasis a. Smoking is not as significant a risk factor for CAD in women as it is in men b. Women seek treatment sooner than men when they have symptoms of CAD c. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women decreases the risk of d. Leading cause of death in women 17. What effect does exercise have on CAD a. Hyperlipidemia and obesity b. Elevated serum lipids and stress c. Diabetes mellitus and HTN d. HTN 18. Characteristics of Raynauds phenomenon a. Predominant in young females b. May be associated with autoimmune disease c. Precipitated by exposure to cold, caffeing and tobacco d. Involve small cutaneous arteries of the fingers and toes e. Episodes of white or cyanotic 19. What is hyperkalemia frequently associated with (PT given sodium bicarb to push K back into cells) a. Hypoglycemia b. Resp acidosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Decreased urine K lvl 20. Diabetic foot care additional instruction a. Sores on the feet can be felt b. Wear socks c. Wear shoes d. Wash feet daily