VEN 003|56 Exam Questions And Answers

How do wine producers decide when to harvest? What tools or instruments are used to determine when grapes are ready to harvest? - ️️Wine producers decide when to harvest by sampling the vineyard for its sugar, acidity, and flavor. They take into account the style of wine and the sugar content for the alcohol concentration. They also look out to make sure the sugar is high enough, acid isn't too low, and the varietal flavor is optimal. They use refractometers and hydrometers to measure sugar level, titration to measure acidity, and use the formula: 0.55 x °Brix to calculate the alcohol concentration. When are grapes crushed? How is this done? What name is used to refer to the mixture of juice, skins and seeds that results from crushing? - ️️Grapes are crushed after sorting but producers can decide whether to crush, destem or both. A crusher-destemmer breaks open the berries and separates them from the cluster ctem. Must is the mixture of 80% juice, 16% skins and 4% seeds. Where does the color in red wines come from? - ️️The skins give color to red wines. However, the seeds and skins provide tannins as well. Why is sulfur dioxide (SO2) added to wine? - ️️SO2 is added to stop oxidation (browning and other changes) and kill unwanted microorganisms. What adjustments can be made to the 'must'? - ️️To increase potential alcohol concentration, grape juice or sugar (chaptalization) can be added. However chaptalization is prohibited in California and Southern Europe. To adjust acidity, tartaric acid can be added to increase acidity (mainly occurs in California where acidity is more often too low. What is the typical juice yield for one ton of grapes? - ️️140 to 190 gallons What types of presses are used for wine? Which type is most widely used in premium wineries? - ️️Some types of presses are the basket (oldest), continuous, moving head and screw presses. However, the membrane or bladder press, where a rubber bladder lining is forced against the fruit by air pressure, is the most widely used because it is the gentlest in extracting juice without excessive skin and seed breakage.