1/6/20, 9:40:20 PM
Compare Results
New File:
Old File:
First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth
FA 2019.pdf
versus edition-1.pdf
30 pages (293.11 MB)
32 pages (109.99 MB)
1/5/20, 12:57:57 PM
1/5/20, 12:52:18 PM
BY u/verified-idiot
To the only girl i've ever loved, to soufia.
BLUE new in FA 2020
YELLOW text of FA 2019 was edited; the note box next to the yellow highlight will
show the difference between them the old text and the new text of FA 2020
Some pages might look scary! because of note boxes and highlighting , but it is
not, my recommendation for you is to study your book and after than look for the
new stuff and edits.. I DONT recommend comparing while you are studying since
it will consume your time.
Go to First Change (page 1)
file://NoURLProvided[1/6/20, 9:40:20 PM]
,HIGH-YIELD SYSTEMS
Endocrine
“If you skew the endocrine system, you lose the pathways to self.” ` Embryology 326
—Hilary Mantel
` Anatomy 327
“We have learned that there is an endocrinology of elation and despair, a
chemistry of mystical insight, and, in relation to the autonomic nervous ` Physiology 328
system, a meteorology and even . . . an astro-physics of changing moods.”
—Aldous Huxley ` Pathology 338
“Chocolate causes certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones that affect ` Pharmacology 352
your feelings and behavior by making you happy.”
—Elaine Sherman, Book of Divine Indulgences
The endocrine system comprises widely distributed organs that work in a
highly integrated manner to orchestrate a state of hormonal equilibrium
within the body. Generally speaking, endocrine diseases can be
classified either as diseases of underproduction or overproduction,
or as conditions involving the development of mass lesions—which
themselves may be associated with underproduction or overproduction
of hormones. Therefore, study the endocrine system first by learning the
glands, their hormones, and their regulation, and then by integrating
disease manifestations with diagnosis and management. Take time to
learn the multisystem connections.
325
,326 SEC TION III ENDOCRINE ``
ENDOCRINE—EMBRYOLOGY
``
ENDOCRINE—EMBRYOLOGY
Thyroid development Thyroid diverticulum arises from floor of primitive pharynx and descends into neck. Connected to
A tongue by thyroglossal duct, which normally disappears but may persist as cysts or the pyramidal
lobe of thyroid. Foramen cecum is normal remnant of thyroglossal duct.
Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site is the tongue (lingual thyroid). Removal may result in
hypothyroidism if it is the only thyroid tissue present.
Thyroglossal duct cyst A presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing
or protrusion of the tongue (vs persistent cervical sinus leading to pharyngeal cleft cyst in lateral
neck).
Thyroid follicular cells derived from endoderm.
Foramen cecum
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Internal carotid artery
Thyroglossal duct
External carotid artery
Thyroid cartilage
Superior thyroid artery
Thyroid Inferior thyroid artery
Trachea
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
, ENDOCRINE ``
ENDOCRINE—ANATOMY SEC TION III 327
``
ENDOCRINE—ANATOMY
Pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary Secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, Proopiomelanocortin derivatives—β-endorphin,
(adenohypophysis) GH, and β-endorphin. Melanotropin (MSH) ACTH, and MSH. Go pro with a BAM!
secreted from intermediate lobe of pituitary. FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH.
Derived from oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch). B-FLAT: Basophils—FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH.
α subunit—hormone subunit common to Acid PiG: Acidophils — PRL, GH.
TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG.
β subunit—determines hormone specificity.
Posterior pituitary Stores and releases vasopressin (antidiuretic
(neurohypophysis) hormone, or ADH) and oxytocin, both
made in the hypothalamus (supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei) and transported to
posterior pituitary via neurophysins (carrier
proteins). Derived from neuroectoderm.
Adrenal cortex and Adrenal cortex (derived from mesoderm) and medulla (derived from neural crest).
medulla
HORMONE 1˚ HORMONE
ANATOMY HISTOLOGY 1˚ REGULATION BY CLASS PRODUCED
Zona Glomerulosa Angiotensin II Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone
Adrenal gland
CORTEX Zona Fasciculata ACTH, CRH Glucocorticoids Cortisol
Capsule
ACTH, CRH Androgens DHEA
Zona Reticularis
Preganglionic
Superior surface Catecholamines Epi, NE
MEDULLA Chromaffin cells sympathetic fibers
of kidney
GFR corresponds with Salt (mineralocorticoids), Sugar (glucocorticoids), and Sex (androgens).
“The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets.”
Compare Results
New File:
Old File:
First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth
FA 2019.pdf
versus edition-1.pdf
30 pages (293.11 MB)
32 pages (109.99 MB)
1/5/20, 12:57:57 PM
1/5/20, 12:52:18 PM
BY u/verified-idiot
To the only girl i've ever loved, to soufia.
BLUE new in FA 2020
YELLOW text of FA 2019 was edited; the note box next to the yellow highlight will
show the difference between them the old text and the new text of FA 2020
Some pages might look scary! because of note boxes and highlighting , but it is
not, my recommendation for you is to study your book and after than look for the
new stuff and edits.. I DONT recommend comparing while you are studying since
it will consume your time.
Go to First Change (page 1)
file://NoURLProvided[1/6/20, 9:40:20 PM]
,HIGH-YIELD SYSTEMS
Endocrine
“If you skew the endocrine system, you lose the pathways to self.” ` Embryology 326
—Hilary Mantel
` Anatomy 327
“We have learned that there is an endocrinology of elation and despair, a
chemistry of mystical insight, and, in relation to the autonomic nervous ` Physiology 328
system, a meteorology and even . . . an astro-physics of changing moods.”
—Aldous Huxley ` Pathology 338
“Chocolate causes certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones that affect ` Pharmacology 352
your feelings and behavior by making you happy.”
—Elaine Sherman, Book of Divine Indulgences
The endocrine system comprises widely distributed organs that work in a
highly integrated manner to orchestrate a state of hormonal equilibrium
within the body. Generally speaking, endocrine diseases can be
classified either as diseases of underproduction or overproduction,
or as conditions involving the development of mass lesions—which
themselves may be associated with underproduction or overproduction
of hormones. Therefore, study the endocrine system first by learning the
glands, their hormones, and their regulation, and then by integrating
disease manifestations with diagnosis and management. Take time to
learn the multisystem connections.
325
,326 SEC TION III ENDOCRINE ``
ENDOCRINE—EMBRYOLOGY
``
ENDOCRINE—EMBRYOLOGY
Thyroid development Thyroid diverticulum arises from floor of primitive pharynx and descends into neck. Connected to
A tongue by thyroglossal duct, which normally disappears but may persist as cysts or the pyramidal
lobe of thyroid. Foramen cecum is normal remnant of thyroglossal duct.
Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site is the tongue (lingual thyroid). Removal may result in
hypothyroidism if it is the only thyroid tissue present.
Thyroglossal duct cyst A presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing
or protrusion of the tongue (vs persistent cervical sinus leading to pharyngeal cleft cyst in lateral
neck).
Thyroid follicular cells derived from endoderm.
Foramen cecum
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Internal carotid artery
Thyroglossal duct
External carotid artery
Thyroid cartilage
Superior thyroid artery
Thyroid Inferior thyroid artery
Trachea
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
, ENDOCRINE ``
ENDOCRINE—ANATOMY SEC TION III 327
``
ENDOCRINE—ANATOMY
Pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary Secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, Proopiomelanocortin derivatives—β-endorphin,
(adenohypophysis) GH, and β-endorphin. Melanotropin (MSH) ACTH, and MSH. Go pro with a BAM!
secreted from intermediate lobe of pituitary. FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH.
Derived from oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch). B-FLAT: Basophils—FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH.
α subunit—hormone subunit common to Acid PiG: Acidophils — PRL, GH.
TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG.
β subunit—determines hormone specificity.
Posterior pituitary Stores and releases vasopressin (antidiuretic
(neurohypophysis) hormone, or ADH) and oxytocin, both
made in the hypothalamus (supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei) and transported to
posterior pituitary via neurophysins (carrier
proteins). Derived from neuroectoderm.
Adrenal cortex and Adrenal cortex (derived from mesoderm) and medulla (derived from neural crest).
medulla
HORMONE 1˚ HORMONE
ANATOMY HISTOLOGY 1˚ REGULATION BY CLASS PRODUCED
Zona Glomerulosa Angiotensin II Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone
Adrenal gland
CORTEX Zona Fasciculata ACTH, CRH Glucocorticoids Cortisol
Capsule
ACTH, CRH Androgens DHEA
Zona Reticularis
Preganglionic
Superior surface Catecholamines Epi, NE
MEDULLA Chromaffin cells sympathetic fibers
of kidney
GFR corresponds with Salt (mineralocorticoids), Sugar (glucocorticoids), and Sex (androgens).
“The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets.”
