Neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals, because in neonates the drugs are (A) Biotransformed faster (B) Absorbed more slowly from the GI tract (C) Not biotransformed (D) Biotransformed slower

ANALYZED VTNE PREP – PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Pyrethrin (which is used to kill fleas) is derived or extracted from which of the following plants? Chrysanthemum Bougainvillea Hibiscus Stargazer lily - CORRECT ANSWER -Chrysanthemum Pyrethrin comes from the Chrysanthemum plant and acts on the nervous system to cause flea death. Which of the following drugs is NOT approved for the use in cattle? Xylazine Butorphanol Diazepam Albendazole - CORRECT ANSWER -Xylazine Ruminants are highly sensitive to xylazine when compared with horses, dogs, and cats. They generally require only one-tenth of the dosage required for horses to exhibit the same effect. It is not approved for the use in ruminants but is sometimes used off-label. It is important to know how sensitive ruminants are to this drug. Albendazole is a broad spectrum de-wormer commonly used in cattle. Diazepam or Butorphanol can be used as a sedative or tranquilizer in cattle. Ketoconazole can cause toxicity most commonly to which of the organs or tissues listed? Pancreas Retinas Liver Cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -Liver Ketoconazole can be associated with hepatotoxicity. Liver values should be closely monitored when using this medication. Fluconazole and itraconazole are more widely used because they are less hepatotoxic, but the cost is higher for these medications. What is the etiology of Clostridium botulinum, the toxin that causes botulism in cattle? Contamination of deep puncture wounds Trauma Ingestion Direct contact - CORRECT ANSWER -C. botulinum is found in decomposing plants and animals, and toxins are produced in the decaying material. The most common source of the toxin for cattle is feed contaminated by carcasses of mice and birds. Botulism is characterized by a progressive muscle weakness (paralysis). Affected animals may be weak, stagger about, or go down. Cattle characteristically display flaccid paralysis and occasionally protrusion of the tongue as seen in this photo.