SCI 225 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024/2025 LATEST FOR REVISION TO HELP YOU PASS!!!

1. Pathogenisis: The matter of development of a disease 2. sequel: pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, or attack 3. etiology: the science and study of the causes or origins of disease 4. idiopathic: any disease that is of uncertain or unknown origin may be termed 5. congenital: a condition that is presented at birth, whether or not it is inherited 6. Metabolic Degenerative: can happen when abnormal chemical reaction in the body alter the normal metabolic process. it can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive. 7. traumatic: injury is a term which refers to physical injuries of sudden onset and severity which require immediate medical attention. 8. Cell- mediated immunity: an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic t-lympho- cytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. 9. humoral immunity: the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macro molecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, andcertain antimicrobial peptides 10. hypersensitivity 1:local allergy, occurring rapidly, where the allergen encoun-ters the body. IgE 11. hypersensitivity 2: called cytotoxic because IgM or IgG causes the destruction of cells. (incompatible blood transfusion) 12. hypersensitivity 3: immune complex hypersensitivity. (tissue deposition) 13. hypersensitivity 4: called delayed type. as the reaction takes several days to develop. not antibody-mediated, its cell mediated response (dermatitis, tuberculinskin test reactions.) 14. Anti-fungal drugs: designed to break down the fungus membrane to kill thefungus 3 / 8 15. rubella virus: contagious disease. a mild illness with low grade fever, sore throat, and rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. rubellacan cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects in a developing baby if a woman isinfected while she is pregnant. best protection=MMR vaccine 16. Osteosarcoma: most common type of cancer that develops in bone. 17. tumor markers: detect first time cancer and cancer relapses. check for anti-gens/antibodies. shows normal healthy cells too 18. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): detected in someone with colon cancer 19. PSA (prostate specific antigen): prostate cancer 20. diploid: 23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from father=46 21. haploid: cell that only has one copy of each chromosome 22. homozygous: 2 of the same alleles (TT or tt) 23. heterozygous: 2 differnt alleles (Tt) 24. cerebral palsy: congenital 85-90% of the time 25. angioplasty: thin tube in arm or groin going up to affected artery, restoring bloodflow by inflating a balloon to push the plaque outward against the wall of the s and restores blood flow 26. bypass: reroutes blood flow around the clogged artery 27. ablation: to scar or destroy tissue in your heart that allows incorrect electricalsignals to cause an abnormal heart rythme. 28. electro cardioverson: (AED) external, delivers electrical shock and is used toestablish normal heart rhythm. 29. defibrillator: internal. implant under the skin of the shoulder re synchronizingthe heart. 30. polycythemia vera: absolute, increase in RBC cell mass due to loss of plasmavolume, and most 4 / 8 common in men. 31. thrombocytopenia: autoimmune disorder resulting in excess destruction ofplatelets 32. thalassemia: most severe, genetic disorder, formation of defective hemoglobin .symptoms of pallor, fatigue and SOB 33. Sickle cell anemia: genetic. abnormal hemoglobin. pallor, fatigue, SOB 34. normal O2: above 90% 35. rapid strep test: bacterial strep (antibiotics), viral does not get antibiotics 36. pnemonia: affects primarily aleoli