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Samenvatting van de functionele wervelkolom & onderste lidmaten

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samenvatting functionele anatomie van de wervelkolom & onderste lidmaten + eigen notities

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January 11, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
2023/2024
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Functionele anatomie van wervelkolom en onderste lidmaat
Lichaamsholten
Apertura thoracis superior
begrensd door:

• Eerste borstwervel (Th1)
• Eerste rib

• Bovenrand van het sternum


Apertura thoracis inferior afgesloten door diafragma.



COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS:
 7 vertebrae cervicales
 12 vertebrae thoracicae

 5 vertebrae lumbales
 5 samengevoegde heiligbeenwervels = os sacrum

 3-4 vergroeide staartbeenwervels= os coccygis



Soorten wervels
 VERTEBRAE CERVICALES
 ATLAS

 AXIS
 VERTEBRAE THORACALES / DORSALES

 VERTEBRAE LUMBALES



Bouw wervelkolom
a) Discus intervertebralis
 Tussenwervelschijf

 mv. disci intervertebrales
 Meest craniale: tussen C2 en C3

 Meest caudale: tussen L5 en os sacrum

,Hoog-cervicaal


• C0-C1: occiput en atlas
• C1-C2: atlas en axis

• C2-C3: eerste discus intervertebralis




Algemene kenmerken van een wervel




b) Basisstructuur wervel
• Corpus vertebrae (wervellichaam): ventraal
• Arcus vertebrae (wervelboog): dorsaal

 Processus (uitsteeksels).
 Meervoud van processus is ook processus, afgekort proc en procc.

• Foramen vertebrale (wervelgat): omgeven door corpus en arcus
 Opeenvolgende foramina vertebralia van de hals-, borst- en lendenwervels
vormen het wervelkanaal: canalis vertebralis
 Hierin bevindt het ruggenmerg (medulla spinalis) zich.


Kenmerken arcus vertebrae:

• Processus transversus: vrij grote gepaarde (links en rechts) dwarsuitsteeksels
• Processus spinosus: ongepaard doornuitsteeksel, naar dorsaal

• Processus articulares (superiores en inferiores): gewrichtsuitsteeksels, boven en onder,
gepaard (links en rechts)

 Gewrichtsvlakken = gewrichtsfacetten

, • Pediculus arcus vertebrae
 Incisura vertebralis inferior

 Incisura vertebralis superior
• Lamina arcus vertebrae: aan de wortel van de processus spinosus
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