Coasts (AQA Geography A Level) with complete questions and answers.

Coasts (AQA Geography A Level) with complete questions and answers. Fetch - correct answers.Distance over which the wind blew. Wave break ratio - correct answers.The ratio of the wave height to the wave length cannot be more than 1:7 as this is when a wave breaks. Swash - correct answers.When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach and can deposit sediment. Backwash - correct answers.Water runs back down the beach and is capable of removing sediment from a beach. Constructive Waves - correct answers.Add sediment to the shallow gradient beach and have high swash and low backwash. Longer wavelength, lower height, low wave frequency, and elliptical orbit. Destructive Waves - correct answers.Take sediment from the steep beach and have high backwash and low swash. Shorter wavelength, higher height, more frequent wave frequency, and circular orbit. Sediment Cell - correct answers.A length of coastline, which is relatively self-contained as far as the movement of sand or shingle is concerned, and where interruption to such movement should not have a significant effect on adjacent ones. Tides - correct answers.Regular rising and falling movements of the surface of the sea and caused by the effects of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the oceans. Spring Tides - correct answers.Sun, moon and earth all in one straight line --> highest high tides and lowest low tides = largest tidal range. Neap Tides - correct answers.Sun and moon 90 degrees out of phase --> highest low tides and lowest low tides = smallest tidal range. Biological Weathering - correct answers.Weathering from organic agents, e.g. marine animals (secrete acids/clams burrow), land animals (such as rabbits burrowing), birds., plant roots. Chemical Weathering - correct answers.Oxidation, carbonation, solution, acid rain. Mass Movement - correct answers.Gravity causing downhill movement of material. E.g. Soil creep, mudflows, landslide, rockfall, landslip/slump, runoff, solifluction. Marine Erosion causes - correct answers.- Waves (Waves that break at the foot of the cliff cause the most erosion) - Beaches (sandy beaches have lower gradient than shingle beaches) - Geology (types of rocks and structures of the rocks) - Human Activity (defences) Revetments - correct answers.Concrete or wooden barriers ('walls') at angles placed along the beach to take the full force of wave energy. Rock Armour or Rip-Rap - correct answers.Large boulders dumped in front of a cliff or sea wall to take the full force of the waves. Gabions work on sort of the same way but in metal cages. Cliff Fixing - correct answers.Driving iron bars into cliff face to stabilise it and absorb some wave power, sometimes metal mesh netting. Offshore barriers - correct answers.Encourage waves to break offshore to reduce their impact on the base of cliffs. Hard Enginering - correct answers.Controlled disruption of natural processes by using man-made structures. E.g. Groynes, sea walls, rip rap, revetments, offshore barrier. Soft Engineering - correct answers.Use of methods to reduce erosion and achieve stabilisation/safety of coastlines, while enhancing the habitat and saving money. E.g. Beach nourishment, cliff regrading and drainage, dune stabilisation, marsh creation. Managed Retreat - correct answers.Abandoning current line of sea defences and then developing the exposed land in some way (possibly salt marshes to reduce wave energy. Newly flooded areas, limited maintenance, attractive wetlands habitats created. Loss of agricultural and residential land, interruption of communications. Environment Agency - correct answers.Responsible for around 1400km of over 13,000km of Britain's coastline. Bays and Headlands - correct answers.Form due to varying resistances of rocks.