APEA EXAM GUIDE WITH CORRECT AND UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

APEA EXAM GUIDE WITH CORRECT AND UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels - CORRECT ANSWER-Antacids Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemolytic Anemia What can PCOS result in? - CORRECT ANSWER-increased insulin levels, Androgens, hirsutism What is a hypertensive used in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-Methyldopa What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa? - CORRECT ANSWER-painless red bleeding What is a characteristic of Rheumatoid arthritis ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Red hot joints Medications that cause ototoxicity - CORRECT ANSWER-Aminoglycosides, nasal decongestants, antihistamines Treatment period for enterobiasis - CORRECT ANSWER-2 weeks CBC Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER-MCV - mean corpuscular volume help diagnose different types of anemia (High=macrocytic like B12, Low=microcytic like Fe anemia) Rhogham given at how many weeks gestation? - CORRECT ANSWER-27 weeks Janesway lesions - CORRECT ANSWER-Happen with endocarditis, non painful lesions seen on hands and feet, Osler same but painful Warfarin management - forgot a dose? - CORRECT ANSWER-If under 12 hours take missed dose, if over skip and need INR redraw Taking an ACE or ARB what to know? - CORRECT ANSWER-ACE (dry hacking) cough starts 1-2 weeks after med started, ACE (Lol) ARB (sartan) first line in HTN avoid initially in african americans, angioedema can occur Contraindication for hydrochlorithiazide - CORRECT ANSWER-sulfa allergy, asthma, PCN hypersensitvity Murmurs Systolic - CORRECT ANSWER-MR=Mitral regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF) Peyton Manning=phys murmur (asymptomatic) AS=Aortic Stenosis (Angina, syncope HF) MVP=Mitral valve prolapse (palps, CP, "click") Diastolic Murmurs (ABnormal) - CORRECT ANSWER-AR= Aortic Regurge (angina, HF, dizzinness, CP) MS=Mitral stenosis (Dyspnea, Afib) Motivated - CORRECT ANSWER-Systole-S1 closure of AV Mitral/tricuspid valve (lub) Mitral, Tricuspid, atrioventricular valves Apples - CORRECT ANSWER-Diastole s2 closure of the aortic pulmonic valves (dub) aortic pulmonic semilunar Abnormal (extra) heart sounds - CORRECT ANSWER-S3- CHF; possible normal for adolescent athletes, S4 LVH poorly controlled HTN, unstable angina Assessment of PAD - CORRECT ANSWER-antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA), Pentoxifylline (decreases blood viscosity) to treat, ankle brachial index to check, angiography gold standard to diagnose Coronary artery Disease tx - CORRECT ANSWER-Atorvastatin/rovustatin- use high dose meds for LDL>150, watch for LFTs and arthralgia. Change type and dose if problems. Stabilization of plaque with statins HF treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-ACEI, ARB, or ARNI with BB and aldosterone receptor antagonist Scabies Treatment (Sarcopter Scabiei) - CORRECT ANSWER-Topical Permethrin massaged from head to soles of feet and wach off with shower or bath after 8-14 hours. Treat again in 1 week Names of skin findings - CORRECT ANSWER-Macule; freckle <1 cm, Papule Macule >1 cm chloasma, Papule <0.5cm elevated nevi (molluscum wart), Plaque (psoriasis, lichen planus), Nodule 0.5-2 cm lipoma, vesicle (herpes simplex contact derm, Keloid - CORRECT ANSWER-hypertrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury Skin continued - CORRECT ANSWER-Bulla-second degree burn, friction burn Wheal- raised, mosquito bite, hive