A & P 2 Straighterline Final Exam- Question and Correct Answers.

When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs? - Correct Answers The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids. Type AB blood - Correct Answers has both A and B antigens on the red cells In the platelet release reaction, - Correct Answers ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated. The hematocrit is - Correct Answers d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood. What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? - Correct Answers Vitamin K A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in - Correct Answers a. protection. The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - Correct Answers oxyhemoglobin The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the - Correct Answers c. leukocytes Plasma - Correct Answers . is the liquid matrix of the blood. An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - Correct Answers . prevent clotting process. On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? - Correct Answers b. chromosome 11 Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______ tissue. - Correct Answers e. connective The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called - Correct Answers b. diapedesis. The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a blood vessel. This is known as - Correct Answers b. vascular spasm The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when _____ comes into contact with collagen. - Correct Answers factor XII If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be compromised? - Correct Answers regulation of pH What is tissue thromboplastin? - Correct Answers A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood? - Correct Answers megakaryoblast Macrophages are derived from - Correct Answers monocytes Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation? - Correct Answers conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - Correct Answers SA node Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - Correct Answers Ventricles to great vessels The adult heart averages ___________ grams. - Correct Answers 250-300 The epicardium - Correct Answers covers the surface of the heart. Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from - Correct Answers aerobic respiration in the mitochondria What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - Correct Answers depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as - Correct Answers Starling Law of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells - Correct Answers are maintained by an extensive capillary network. During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, - Correct Answers AV and semilunar valves are closed. Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the right ventricle can eject blood. - Correct Answers pulmonary trunk In the cardiac cycle, - Correct Answers all four chambers of the heart are in diastole at the same time. What cardiac arrhythmia will have no QRS complex as a symptom? - Correct Answers ventricular fibrillation Which of the following is administered to the people suffering from myocardial infarction following onset of symptoms? - Correct Answers Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease? - Correct Answers chronic stress Aortic stenosis results from - Correct Answers a narrowed opening through the aortic valve An incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood reaching the - Correct Answers lungs A patient has been diagnosed with mild heart disease. Tests show that some of the coronary arteries are partially occluded. Which of the following is the best course of action to treat the disease? - Correct Answers Angioplasty Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced - Correct Answers blood supply to cardiac muscle. Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial - Correct Answers infarction What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions? - Correct Answers tachycardia Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? - Correct Answers veins Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta? - Correct Answers the intercostal muscles Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the aortic arch reflex and cause - Correct Answers increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. According to Poiseuille's law, - Correct Answers if resistance increases, flow decreases The vein that ascends along the medial side of the lower limb to the femoral vein is the ____ saphenous vein and the vein that ascends along the posterior aspect of the leg to the popliteal vein is the _____ saphenous vein. - Correct Answers great; small If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be - Correct Answers 40 mm Hg. What is the most important means by which capillary exchange occurs? - Correct Answers diffusion Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true? - Correct Answers The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow. In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true? - Correct Answers Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary. The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of - Correct Answers capillaries. Resistance to blood flow is greatest in - Correct Answers arterioles The major types of veins are ____________, ____________, and ______. - Correct Answers superficial veins, deep veins, and sinuses What are vasa vasorum? - Correct Answers Blood vessels that nourish the tunica adventitia and tunica media. Which statement is CORRECT? - Correct Answers Veins contain valves and arteries do not. Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries? - Correct Answers thermoregulation Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries? - Correct Answers kidney Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock. Compensatory shock is characterized by a narrowed pulse pressure. Which of the following blood pressure readings is an example of a narrowed pulse pressure? - Correct Answers . 92/64 Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock. Urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. This is the result of - Correct Answers increased renin secretion. In response to circulatory shock, - Correct Answers the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated. In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse? - Correct Answers hemorrhagic shock Which of the following organs does NOT contain lymphatic tissue? - Correct Answers liver Lymph capillaries are found in the - Correct Answers dermis Nonencapsulated lymphatic tissue called MALT includes all of the following except: - Correct Answers lymph nodes. The white pulp of the spleen - Correct Answers contains lymphocytes that can stimulate an immune response. Describe the wall of lymphatic capillaries. - Correct Answers Thin-walled, with overlapping squamous cells Lymph nodules are - Correct Answers located in the loose connective tissue of the digestive system. Lymph exits a lymph node via the - Correct Answers efferent lymphatic vessels. The spleen - Correct Answers . filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. The palatine tonsils - Correct Answers are located at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx. Lymph movement is assisted by - Correct Answers contraction of skeletal muscle, contraction of smooth muscle in lymph vessel, pressure changes in the thorax during respiration, and compression of lymphatic vessels. What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph? - Correct Answers valves Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to - Correct Answers veins Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes. - Correct Answers macrophages What is the function of thymosin? - Correct Answers maturation of T cells Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? - Correct Answers Aiding in erythropoiesis of red blood cells. The lymphatic system is involved in - Correct Answers lipid absorption from the digestive tract Lymphatic tissue contains an interlaced network of reticular fibers that functions to - Correct Answers trap microorganisms. Tonsils - Correct Answers provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by - Correct Answers returning interstitial fluid to the plasma. The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that - Correct Answers the lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues. Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic organ? - Correct Answers thymus gland A small molecule that can cause an allergic reaction is a/an - Correct Answers hapten. The secondary or memory response - Correct Answers provides better protection than the primary response. Lymphocyte activation can occur in several ways. However, in all cases - Correct Answers lymphocytes must recognize an antigen. Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include - Correct Answers increased vascular permeability