NCLEX PN ACTUAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE.

NCLEX PN ACTUAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE. Question 1: Topic: Cardiovascular System A client is prescribed warfarin sodium (Coumadin) for atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods? A) Green leafy vegetables B) Citrus fruits C) Dairy products D) Red meat Answer: A) Green leafy vegetables Rationale: Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K, which can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Clients on warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K to ensure the medication's effectiveness. Question 2: Topic: Respiratory System A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed albuterol (Proventil) inhaler. What should the nurse instruct the client about using the inhaler? A) Inhale deeply and hold breath for 10 seconds after each puff B) Exhale forcefully before using the inhaler C) Use the inhaler only when shortness of breath is severe D) Administer two puffs every 5 minutes for acute attacks Answer: A) Inhale deeply and hold breath for 10 seconds after each puff Rationale: Inhaling deeply and holding the breath allows the medication to reach the lower airways effectively. This technique maximizes the therapeutic effect of the medication. Question 3: Topic: Renal System A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which dietary choice should the nurse recommend limiting? A) Oranges B) Bananas C) Spinach D) Chicken breast Answer: B) Bananas Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, and clients with CKD often need to limit potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia. Foods such as bananas, oranges, and spinach should be consumed in moderation. Question 4: Topic: Pharmacology A client is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. The nurse should monitor for which early signs of digoxin toxicity? A) Nausea and vomiting B) Hypertension C) Bradycardia D) Hyperkalemia Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting Rationale: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include gastro