Summary Port and City Development - Minor Delta Port Cities

Groningen SEAPORTS
- Locations:
o Eemshaven
o Delfzijl
o Veendam
- Activities
o Maintenance
o Attract new costumers
o Developments
 Market demands (existing costumers)
 Opportunities (potential costumers)
o Public task
 Guidance of shipping
- Top sectors:
o Chemical
 15% total chemical production NL
o Energy
 35% total electrical power production in Eemshaven
 Biggest on-shore NL windpark
 Ideal location datacenters
o Logistics

o Agribusiness
o Residues / Waste treatment

Cargo transport
- Macro-economics; transport and trade
- Governed by global developments
- Global scale; dominant role of shipping and ports
- Port system enabling cargo handling:
o Sea entrance
 Deep sea shipping
 Short sea shipping
o Port basins
o Quays
o Terminals
o Hinterland connections
 Inland waterways
 Railways
 Road connections
 Pipeline
- Regional scale: competition of various modes of transport
o Not only cost/capacity driven
o Co2 footprint more important
- Ports Throughput
o Dry bulk
 Coal / ore / fertilizer / corn

, o Liquid bulk
 Crude oil products / oil products / LNG, LPG / chemicals
o Containers
 TEU, twenty feet equivalent unit (steel box 20 x 8 x 8)
 FEU, forty feet equivalent unit (steel box 40 x 8 x 8)
 Reefer-container (cooled container)
 Tank-container
 Over width, over height
o GC (general cargo)
 Most GC is containerized after 19980, because:
 Expensive and slow loading/unloading
 Hinterland transport/logistics
 Size advantage shipping
o Offshore supplies / Heavy lifts
o Cars
o Passengers / Cars / Trucks (by ferry)
o Visitors (cruises)

Shipping
- Main characteristics (marks)
o Dimension
 Length / width / draught in meters
o Displacement / deadweight tonnage in tons
o Propulsion power kW / Service speed kn (knots)
- Safety
o Classification by international standards
 Hull construction (romp constructie)
 Engine maintenance
 Instrumentation
 Emergency aids
o Crew education level
o Pilotage compulsory for harbor areas
- Types of ships
o Type grading by:
 Type of ship towards type of cargo
 Ships’ size tuned towards transportation distance and cargo flow
 Cargo flow = amount of cargo per unit of time
 Exceptions are combinations of types of cargo
o Coasters (short sea)
 Range 2..000 dwt (dead weight tonnage)
 meters long
 Speed is about 12 knots
o Inland shipping
 Range .000 dwt
 meters long
 Speed is knots
o Container vessels