Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Unit 3 - Ch. 4 Exam || Questions & Answers (Rated A+)

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Unit 3 - Ch. 4 Exam || Questions & Answers (Rated A+) Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Unit 3 - Ch. 4 Exam || Questions & Answers (Rated A+) 4 levels of knowledge relating to nursing - ANSWER - A metaparadigm, Philosophy, Model and Nursing Theory A metaparadigm - ANSWER - the most abstract level of knowledge. It refers to a set of concepts that describe nursing. These concepts are person, environment, health, and nursing. Philosophy - ANSWER - the next level of knowledge ( following metaparadigm), describes the beliefs and values of nursing in relation to something more specific such as health. A philosophy provides guidance in practice. Model - ANSWER - The third level of knowledge is a nursing conceptual framework, or model. A model is a set of concepts that provides direction for nursing practice, research, and education. Nursing Theory - ANSWER - The fourth level of nursing knowledge is a nursing theory. Theories come from conceptual models and can be tested in nursing practice. Grand Theory - ANSWER - uses a broad perspective of nursing practice and provides ways of looking at nursing phenomena from a distinct nursing perspective. Middle-range Theory - ANSWER - is moderately abstract and has a limited number of variables. Middle-range theories have a more narrow focus on a specific condition or population. Florence Nightingale - ANSWER - Florence Nightingale (1860) concept of the environment was the first nursing theory to focus on illness prevention and infection control through clean air, water, and housing. She stressed noise modification, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy. She theorized that adaptations to the patient environment allowed for energy conservation and optimal healing. Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER - Hildegard Peplau (1952) focused on the interpersonal roles between the nurse and the patient. The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2) working, which consists of two subphases, identification and exploitation; and (3) resolution. Peplau's theory is prominent in mental health nursing. Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Theory focused on interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and problem-solving.