CLC Exam Correct Questions & Answers(GRADED A)

What are Montgomery glands? - ANSWER Sebaceous glands on areola that are a result of pregnancy hormones What do Montgomery glands do? - ANSWER Allow milk to mix with sebum, makes milk sticky and anti-microbial Function of prolactin? - ANSWER Pro-lactation. Makes milk. What stimulates prolactin? - ANSWER Baby suckles/nipple stimulation stimulates brain to secrete prolactin into blood and that triggers body to respond Do all humans have prolactin? - ANSWER Yes, everyone has prolactin all the time but it is a matter of ramping it up for lactation. Function of oxytocin? - ANSWER Myoepithelial cells to contract, and uterus to contract. Also milk letdown. What stimulates oxytocin? - ANSWER Nipple stretching (proper lactch), baby hand massage, its is a conditioned response of milk ejection too. How does the body make milk? - ANSWER Messages from the breast travel in nervous system to brain and then hormones travel in blood back to breast. How are milk composition and feed frequency related? - ANSWER High fat, protein, water milk producers will nurse less often. General composition of human milk? - ANSWER High in lactose, water. Low in protein, fat. Very dilute --> Due to this composition nursing should be frequent. What are the 3 stages of lactogenesis? - ANSWER Lactogenesis I: colostrum (placental hormone influence) Lactogenesis II: transitional milk (birth of placenta causes drop in progesterone) Lactogenesis III: mature milk (occurs at same time as stage II due to continual nipple stimulation) How is milk composition different with pre-term babies? - ANSWER For first 5-7 weeks milk is generally higher in protein, fat and every content. Milk volume is not any greater. After one year of nursing how does milk composition change? - ANSWER It becomes higher in fat and energy but volume does not increase. How does milk composition change at 24 months? - ANSWER Carbs drop significantly, fat increases significantly, slight protein increase. Overall more energy content (~30 kcal/oz vs ~18 kcal/oz for 1st year) How much energy does fat provide from milk? - ANSWER About 49% Hind milk vs foremilk? - ANSWER More complex than we originally thought, no firm consensus if there is more fat in hind milk, it is possible that both have equal amounts. What are three times when breast milk composition can change? - ANSWER Within a day, during a feeding, over the course of lactation. Is baby fat intake affected by specific practices during a feed? - ANSWER There is no difference in net fat intake according to # of breasts suckled per feed or breastfeeding frequency. How can milk composition vary within a feed? - ANSWER Degree of breast emptying, amount available to begin with, breast storage capacity, faster removal (faster removal = higher fat content) What are some benefits of exclusive breastfeeding? - ANSWER - less diarrhea - better iron amount - presence of bifidus factor - provides hormones and growth hormone - white blood cells/immunity -SIgA antibodies -B12 binding factor -lactorferrin -cell wall disrupters -microbes from mom -absence of exposure from contaminants -HMOs How does breast milk protect against diarrhea? - ANSWER it is more acidic than formula and leads to a more favorable gut pH, also breastfeeding during diarrhea helps to maintain a baby's gut microbiota How does the relatively low iron content in milk help baby? - ANSWER Excess amounts of iron can feed the bad microbes in a baby's gut, leading to diarrhea What is bifidus factor? - ANSWER Bifidus factor is a factor secreted in breast milk that helps promote growth of Lactobacillis bifidus. This helps to provide the newborn with a po