iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals
Certification Exam ALL ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT SPRING FALL-2023/24 EDITION
GUARANTEED GRADE A+
Confidentiality
Protection from unauthorized access
integrity
Protection from unauthorized modification
Availability
protection from disruptions in access
Cybersecurity
the protection of information assets (digital assets) by addressing threats to information processed,
stored, and transported by internetworked information systems
NIST Functions to Protect Digital Assets
IPDRR
1) Identify
2) Protect
3) Detect
4) Respond
5) Recover
Nonrepudiation
Def: ensuring that a message or other piece of information is genuine
Examples: digital signatures and transaction logs
Risk
combination of the probability of an event and its consequences, mitigated through controls
,Threat
Anything that is capable of acting against an asset in a harmful manner
Asset
something of either tangible or intangible value that is worth protecting
Vulnerability
A weakness in the design, implementation, operation or internal control of a process that could expose
the system to adverse threats from threat events
Inherent risk
The risk level or exposure without taking into account the actions that management has taken or might
take (e.g., implementing controls)
Residual risk
the risk that remains after management implements internal controls or some other response to risk
Likelihood
A.K.A probability
measure of frequency of which an event may occur, which depends on the threat and vulnerability
Approaches to Cybersecurity Risk
Dependent on:
1) Risk tolerance
2) Size & scope of the environment
3) Amount of data available
Approaches:
1) Ad hoc
2) Compliance-based
3) Risk-based
Threat Agents
The actors causing the threats that might exploit a vulnerability
Types:
1) Corporations - competitive advantage
2) Cybercriminals - profit
3) Cyberterrorists - critical infrastructures/government
4) Cyberwarriors - politically motivated
5) Employees - revenge
6) Hacktivists - politically motivated
, 7) Nation states - government/private entities
8) Online social hackers - identity theft, profit
9) Script kiddies - learning to hack
Attack vector
The path or route used to gain access to the target (asset)
Types:
1) Ingress - intrusion
2) Egress - Data removal
Attack Attributes
1) Attack Vector
2) Payload
3) Exploit
4) Vulnerability
5) Target (Asset)
Threat Process
1) Perform reconnaissance (gathering information)
2) Create attack tools
3) Deliver malicious capabilities
4) Exploit and compromise
5) Conduct an attack
6) Achieve results
7) Maintain a presence or set of capabilities
8) Coordinate a campaign
Malware
Def: software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the user's informed consent
Examples: Viruses, network worms, Trojan horses
Policies
communicate required and prohibited activities and behaviors
Standards
Interpret policies in specific situations
Procedures
Provide details on how to comply with policies and standards
Guidelines
Certification Exam ALL ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT SPRING FALL-2023/24 EDITION
GUARANTEED GRADE A+
Confidentiality
Protection from unauthorized access
integrity
Protection from unauthorized modification
Availability
protection from disruptions in access
Cybersecurity
the protection of information assets (digital assets) by addressing threats to information processed,
stored, and transported by internetworked information systems
NIST Functions to Protect Digital Assets
IPDRR
1) Identify
2) Protect
3) Detect
4) Respond
5) Recover
Nonrepudiation
Def: ensuring that a message or other piece of information is genuine
Examples: digital signatures and transaction logs
Risk
combination of the probability of an event and its consequences, mitigated through controls
,Threat
Anything that is capable of acting against an asset in a harmful manner
Asset
something of either tangible or intangible value that is worth protecting
Vulnerability
A weakness in the design, implementation, operation or internal control of a process that could expose
the system to adverse threats from threat events
Inherent risk
The risk level or exposure without taking into account the actions that management has taken or might
take (e.g., implementing controls)
Residual risk
the risk that remains after management implements internal controls or some other response to risk
Likelihood
A.K.A probability
measure of frequency of which an event may occur, which depends on the threat and vulnerability
Approaches to Cybersecurity Risk
Dependent on:
1) Risk tolerance
2) Size & scope of the environment
3) Amount of data available
Approaches:
1) Ad hoc
2) Compliance-based
3) Risk-based
Threat Agents
The actors causing the threats that might exploit a vulnerability
Types:
1) Corporations - competitive advantage
2) Cybercriminals - profit
3) Cyberterrorists - critical infrastructures/government
4) Cyberwarriors - politically motivated
5) Employees - revenge
6) Hacktivists - politically motivated
, 7) Nation states - government/private entities
8) Online social hackers - identity theft, profit
9) Script kiddies - learning to hack
Attack vector
The path or route used to gain access to the target (asset)
Types:
1) Ingress - intrusion
2) Egress - Data removal
Attack Attributes
1) Attack Vector
2) Payload
3) Exploit
4) Vulnerability
5) Target (Asset)
Threat Process
1) Perform reconnaissance (gathering information)
2) Create attack tools
3) Deliver malicious capabilities
4) Exploit and compromise
5) Conduct an attack
6) Achieve results
7) Maintain a presence or set of capabilities
8) Coordinate a campaign
Malware
Def: software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the user's informed consent
Examples: Viruses, network worms, Trojan horses
Policies
communicate required and prohibited activities and behaviors
Standards
Interpret policies in specific situations
Procedures
Provide details on how to comply with policies and standards
Guidelines
