CBIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

CBIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 **2 types of acquired brain injury - ANS-Traumatic and non-traumatic *2 mechanisms of TBI - ANS-traumatic impact (involving impact to the head) and traumatic inertial (noncontact brain injury) *2 sub-categories of impact injury - ANS-open injury (penetrating, skull fracture meninges breach), closed (non-penetrating) *Closed brain injury: can cause 2 things, examples - ANS--can cause brain lacerations/contusions, or intracerebral hemorrhage causing focal injuries, diffuse axonal injury Examples: blast related, assaults, falls, MVA, Sports *Open brain injury - ANS--breach of the skull or the meninges -hematomas, hemorrhage, infections -Examples: gunshot, stabbing, falls, MVAs, sports *traumatic inertial injury: definition, example - ANS-non-impact force resulting in injury common example is rapid acceleration of brain in skull followed by rapid deceleration diffuse axonal injury, white matter lesion, hemmorhage -examples: falls, MVA, Sports *non-traumatic brain injury: definition, examples - ANS-damage via internal forces, such as lack of O2 or nutrients to the brain white matter lesions, hemmorahge examples: stroke, neurotoxic poisoning, hypoxia, infections, tunmors incidence rates of TBI: 3, death, hospital, ED - ANS-death:2% hospital: 11% ED visit: 87% how much of US pop living with BI - ANS-13.5 million 4.5 % of pop *primary vs secondary injury - ANS-primary: initial, mechanical damage secondary: "cascade" pathophysiological processes, delay non-mechanical processes determining effects of brain injury (7) - ANS-injury severity age of injury alcohol misuse DV Service in military participation in sports if had injury previously *mild TBI: definition, may demonstrate (5) - ANS-brief or no loss of consciousness vomiting lethargy dizziness unable to recall what just happened *moderate TBI: definition, signs of (2)* - ANS-unconsciousness of any period up to 24 hours, neuro signs of brain trauma (skull fractures with contusion or bleeding, focal findings, in instrumental testing) *severe TBI - ANS-Period of loss of consciousness greater than 24 hours most likely group to sustain a TBI (3) - ANS-older adolescents age 15-19 yo, young adults age 2-24 yo, older adults age 65 or older *patterns of TBI for ages: ED visists kids vs adults, non-accidental trauma, age patterns for falls vs MVA vs gunshot - ANS-TBI-related ED visits 92.7% kids, 59.7% of adults non-accidental trauma is cause of 80% deaths for head trauma cases of children under 2 yo 18% TBI related emergencies are children 0-4 yo Fall-related TBI highest among over 75 yo MVA highest 15-24 gunshot 20-24 yo and 75 yo risk of second injury is how many time greater after 1st? 3rd injury after 2nd? - ANS-3x 8x % of prison pop with TBI - ANS-25-87% significant factor in recidivisim *mortality and TBI - ANS-2X more likely to die, reduction of life expectancy by 7 years *TBI and neurologic disorders:3 - ANS-Epilepsy...