Geography 2 UCLA Final Study Guide Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

1. Roughly how much has the Earth warmed over the last century? - Earth's climate has warmed by an estimated 0.74°C over the past century. Warmer temperatures have been associated with larger OR smaller body size of endothermic animals? - Warmer temperatures have been associated with smaller body sizes What is the term for the timing of seasonal activities of plants and animals? - Phenology Where do we expect plants to move as temperatures increase? 2 ways/ directions - -Plants shifts are larger at higher latitudes towards lower latitudes. -Plants are moving to warmer lower latitudes. -Trees in the Arctic are predicted to move north in response to warming trends. Differential changes in phenology can result in a ________ of timing between herbivores and their resource. - Mismatch What happened to the plant species in the Santa Catalina Mountains in Arizona due to the effects of climate change? Or in California's Santa Rosa Mountains? - Plant species in the Santa Catalina Mountains have moved to higher elevation due to the effects of climate change. Why do we not think the rate of climate change now is not solely due to natural causes? - Since the Industrial Revolution began, the burning of fossil fuels has led to an exponential increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere §This has led to a general pattern of warming over the past century What sort of time scales are the Milankovitch Cycles on? Decadal, centennial, tens of thousands of years? - Milankovitch cycles: -Orbit changes shape—100,000-year cycle.-Axis wobbles (precession)—26,000-year cycle. -Axial tilt varies from 21.5° to 24.5°—41,000-year cycle. Is the warming of the planet happened evenly across the globe? If not, which part of the Earth is warming the most quickly? - -The warming of the planet has not happened evenly across. -The polar regions have warmed the most especially the Arctic Which region has seen the largest increase in ectotherm metabolic rate? - Tropical regions In North America, what is the greatest risk of warming to trees? - Reduced water availability Using the figure below, which region and which tree species is suffering the largest current tree mortality? - -The region that is suffering the largest current tree mortality is the Western region. -The tree species that is suffering the largest current tree mortality is the trembling aspen. In the bird named great tits, what has increased warming resulted in? earlier migration schedules, earlier egg laying, greater mortality, OR larger body size? - Earlier egg laying. What effect is warming predicted to have on migration behavior? - Birds will depart for migration earlier and return earlier. In which taxonomic group of organisms has the timing of spring events changed the most in response to climate change? - Amphibians In some regions, butterflies are emerging earlier than the flowering of herbaceous plants. Why is this an issue? - Butterflies rely on the flowers for food. Using the figure below, what is it showing in terms of butterfly migration over time? (Check out the "notes" section of this lecture's PowerPoint) - Butterflies are moving north over time.How are the majority of tree species responding to climate change in terms of distribution? - Contracting in range