CEN Part 1With Complete Solution Already Graded A 2024

"Tearing chest pain" - Aortic dissection. Unequal upper extremity blood pressure readings (L arm R arm with difference of 20mmHg systolic) ST elevation in V1, 2, 3, and 4 - Anterior myocardial infarction ST elevation leads I, AVL, V5, V6 - Lateral myocardial infarction Reciprocal changes in leads V1 and V2 with ST elevation - Posterior myocardial infarction ST elevation in leads II, III, and AVF - Inferior myocardial infarction Wellen's syndrome - EKG shows a lack of Q wave and significant ST-segment elevation, but no serum marker abnormalities. Critical, proximal LAD artery stenosis. Ludwigs's angina - Results from a secondary dental infection, does not affect EKG, can lead to airway problems. Diffuse swelling of the tissue of the oral cavity and face, extending to the deeper structure of the neck. Hoarseness, stridor, pain on swallowing, and neck pain. Afib - Rate control first and then rhythm conversion Tachydysrhythmia in the pediatric population - Unstability = s/s of poor tissue perfusion (resp distress or failure) Nitrates - Preload reducing effects. Not to be used in right ventricular MI (RVMI), as this might further cause decreased preload and cardiac output. Pericarditis - Diffuse ST-segment elevation, no reciprocal changes, pt's feeling better when sitting forward. Fever, chills, dyspnea, chest pain are typical symptoms. Atrial kick - The enhanced cardiac output that occurs when both of the atria beat simultaneously. Contributing 20-30% more blood volume to cardiac output. Digibind - Digoxin antagonists Pyloric stenosis - Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infancy. Usually diagnosed in the first 3-12 weeks of life. "Olive-shaped" mobile hard pylorus on palpation. Severe vomiting. Poor weight gain, projective vomiting, and constipation. Narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the intestines, due to enlargement of the muscle surrounding this opening. IBS - High fiber diet to decrease cramping and bloating Esophagitis - Small frequent meals GERD - Small meals and avoidance of alcohol, mint, chocolate, and caffeine Cholecystitis - Low-fat diet to prevent gallbladder attack Epididymitis teaching - Safe sex practice, and limiting the number of sexual partner