Biochemistry ACS Final Exam 2024 Version
What is the D configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - chyrol carbon furthest
from the carboxyl group
hydroxyl on right
What is the L configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - hydroxyl on left
What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin? - glycogen- has branches
about every 10 residues (more highly branched)
amylopectin- has branches about every 25
What is amylose made up of? - glucose
What makes up starch? - amylose
amlyopectin
What is a glycosidic bond? - links two monosaccharides together at points 1 and 4
What is the difference between an alpha(1-4) and beta(1-4) linkage? - alpha: when
the oxygen is pointed down in a glycosidic bond
beta: when the oxygen is pointed up in a glycosidic bond
What is the definition of a carbohydrate? - all have hydroxyl and carbonyl functional
groups
Difference between aldose and ketose - aldose has an aldohyde
ketose has a ketone
What makes up sucrose? - fructose and glucose monosaccharides
What makes up lactose? - glucose and galactose monosaccharides
What makes up mannose? - two glucose monosaccharides
What are lipids? - soluble in other nonpolar solvents (not water)
What are triglycerides composed of? - glycerol and three fatty acids
What is saponification? - base hydrolysis of a triglyceride or other fat
strong base is added
breaks ester linkages to release hydroxyls and form glycerol
What has a higher level of unsaturation -- oils or fats? - oils
What is the D configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - chyrol carbon furthest
from the carboxyl group
hydroxyl on right
What is the L configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - hydroxyl on left
What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin? - glycogen- has branches
about every 10 residues (more highly branched)
amylopectin- has branches about every 25
What is amylose made up of? - glucose
What makes up starch? - amylose
amlyopectin
What is a glycosidic bond? - links two monosaccharides together at points 1 and 4
What is the difference between an alpha(1-4) and beta(1-4) linkage? - alpha: when
the oxygen is pointed down in a glycosidic bond
beta: when the oxygen is pointed up in a glycosidic bond
What is the definition of a carbohydrate? - all have hydroxyl and carbonyl functional
groups
Difference between aldose and ketose - aldose has an aldohyde
ketose has a ketone
What makes up sucrose? - fructose and glucose monosaccharides
What makes up lactose? - glucose and galactose monosaccharides
What makes up mannose? - two glucose monosaccharides
What are lipids? - soluble in other nonpolar solvents (not water)
What are triglycerides composed of? - glycerol and three fatty acids
What is saponification? - base hydrolysis of a triglyceride or other fat
strong base is added
breaks ester linkages to release hydroxyls and form glycerol
What has a higher level of unsaturation -- oils or fats? - oils
