Hondros Nur 176 Exam 1 With 100% Correct Answers 2023

Interventions to prevent diabetes - - Maintain healthy weight - Diet - Exercise Type 1 diabetes - - Caused by insulin deficiency following cell destruction - Inability to produce insulin - Insulin dependent Signs of type 1 diabetes - - Polyuria - Weight loss - Polydipsia - Ketoacidosis - Polyphagia - Slow healing wounds - Blurry vision - Fatigue Management of type 1 diabetes - - Insulin - Diet - Exercise - Blood sugar checks Signs of type 2 diabetes - - Polyuria - Blurry vision - Polydipsia - Fatigue - Polyphagia - Peripheral neuropathy - Slow healing wounds Type 2 diabetes - - Caused by a progressive insulin resistance - Defective insulin production - Insulin resistant Onset for type 1 diabetes - - Abrupt symptom onset - Usually under 30 years old Management of type 2 diabetes - - Diet - Exercise - Oral hypoglycemic medication - Insulin - Blood sugar checks Onset for type 2 diabetes - - Gradual symptom onset - Usually over 40 years old Expressive aphasia - Difficulty speaking and writing Receptive apahasia - Difficulty reading and understanding Early signs of increased ICP - - Change in LOC (restlessness) - Unequal pupils - Nausea and vomiting - Headache Late signs of increased ICP - - Cushing triad - Increased SBP or widened pulse pressure - Cheyne Strokes respirations (irregular breathing; bradypnea to apnea) - Bradycardia Position for patient with increased ICP - HOB 30 degrees What is nuchal rigidity? - - Stiff, painful neck - Associated with meningitis What is the assessment for nuchal rigidity? - - Flex neck towards chin Position after lumbar puncture and what is the rationale? - - Supine position - To prevent spinal headache from leakage of CSF - To prevent bleeding by applying pressure What is dexamethasone? - It is a steroid used to decrease inflammation, edema and swelling What is mengitis? - Treatment for meningitis - Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections What is ecephalitis? - Treatment for encephalitis - Antivirals are used for viral infections Priority number 1 and 2 for seizure activity - 1. Maintain patient airway (side-lying position loosen tight clothing) 2. Protect from injury (put nothing in mouth, move objects, protect head but avoid restraining patieint) Grand-mal seizure - - Tonic-clonic seizure movements - Stiffness and rigidity with body jerks and convulsions - May lose function of bowel and bladder - May lose consciousness Petite-mal seizure - - Blank out stare into space for a few seconds - Lips may smack or eyes may flutter sightly - Absence seizures What is epilepticus? - - Prolonged seizure activity or repeated seizure activity lasting 4 minutes or longer. - It can occur if a patient is non-compliant with medication What is the medication used for epilepticus? - - Lorazepam (ativan) - Diazepam (valium) - Both are benzodiazepines and are effective in the treatment Sign of right sided stroke - Patient unaware left side of body exists so he "ignores" it Meningitis precautions - - Droplet: mask, gown, goggles, gloves Diagnostic signs of meningitis - - Kernig's sign: Pain felt in leg when is extended from a flexed position when in supine position - Brudzinski's sign: Flexion of neck causes flexion of hips and knees when in supine position Pathophysiology of ischemic stroke - Interruption of/ decrease in blood flow to the brain