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Samenvatting pneumologie Problemen van longen, bloedvormende organen en nieren

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Samenvatting pneumologie Problemen van longen, bloedvormende organen en nieren AJ 23-24 H1-9 (niet H10 en H11)

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Prof. Brusselle AJ 23-24




Samenvatting pneumologie: longziekten

Inhoudsopgave
1. Symptomen en klinische tekenen............................................................................................................... 4

1.1. Symptomen............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1.1. Hoest................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1.2. Hemoptoe............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.1.3. Thoraxpijn............................................................................................................................................ 6

1.1.4. Piepende ademhaling (= wheezing) en stridor.......................................................................................7

1.1.5. Dyspnoe............................................................................................................................................... 7

1.2. Klinisch onderzoek.................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.1. Algemene inspectie.............................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.2. Palpatie.............................................................................................................................................. 10

1.2.3. Percussie............................................................................................................................................ 10

1.2.4. Auscultatie......................................................................................................................................... 11

2. Technische onderzoeken........................................................................................................................... 12

2.1. Longfunctie........................................................................................................................................... 12

2.2. Beeldvorming........................................................................................................................................ 15

2.3. Huidtesten............................................................................................................................................ 15

2.4. Labo onderzoek: bloed en sputum......................................................................................................... 15

2.5. Pleurapunctie, pleurabiopsie, pleuroscopie............................................................................................16

2.6. Bronchoscopie....................................................................................................................................... 16

2.7. Mediastinaal onderzoek........................................................................................................................ 17

3. Astma...................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1. Prevalentie astma.................................................................................................................................. 18

3.2. Pathologie en pathofysiologie astma..................................................................................................... 18

3.3. Oorzaken astma.................................................................................................................................... 20

3.4. Diagnose astma..................................................................................................................................... 21

1

,Prof. Brusselle AJ 23-24

3.5. Behandeling astma................................................................................................................................ 22

4. COPD....................................................................................................................................................... 26

4.1. Definitie COPD...................................................................................................................................... 26

4.2. Pathogenese en pathofysiologie COPD................................................................................................... 26

4.3. Risicofactoren COPD.............................................................................................................................. 27

4.4. Kliniek COPD......................................................................................................................................... 28

4.5. Diagnose COPD..................................................................................................................................... 28

4.6. Verwikkelingen COPD............................................................................................................................ 30

4.7. Prognose COPD..................................................................................................................................... 30

4.8. Behandeling COPD................................................................................................................................ 31

5. Interstitiële longaandoeningen (ILD)......................................................................................................... 34

5.1. Definitie ILD.......................................................................................................................................... 34

5.2. Kliniek ILD............................................................................................................................................. 34

5.3. Pathogenese ILD.................................................................................................................................... 35

5.4. Classificatie ILD..................................................................................................................................... 35

5.4.1. Idiopatische longfibrose (IPF).............................................................................................................. 36

5.4.2. Bindweefselziekten geassocieerde ILD................................................................................................ 37

5.4.3. Overgevoeligheidspneumonitis........................................................................................................... 37

5.4.4. Pneumoconiose.................................................................................................................................. 38

5.4.5. Sarcoïdose.......................................................................................................................................... 39

6. Pulmonary Vascular Diseases (PVD).......................................................................................................... 41

6.1. Longembolen........................................................................................................................................ 41

6.1.1. Veneuze trombo-embolie (VTE).......................................................................................................... 41

6.1.2. Preventie VTE (DVT en LE)................................................................................................................... 41

6.1.3. Klinische presentatie van longembolie................................................................................................ 42

6.1.4. Diagnose LE........................................................................................................................................ 44

6.1.5. Behandeling....................................................................................................................................... 45

6.2. Pulmonale hypertensie.......................................................................................................................... 46

6.2.1. Types PHT........................................................................................................................................... 46


2

,Prof. Brusselle AJ 23-24

6.2.2. Kliniek PHT......................................................................................................................................... 47

6.2.3. Diagnose PHT..................................................................................................................................... 47

7. Slaapapneu.............................................................................................................................................. 48

7.1. Ademstoornissen tijdens de slaap.......................................................................................................... 48

7.2. Obstructief slaapapneu syndroom (OSAS).............................................................................................. 48

7.2.1. Kliniek OSAS....................................................................................................................................... 49

7.2.2. Diagnose OSAS................................................................................................................................... 50

7.2.3. Behandeling OSAS.............................................................................................................................. 50

8. Respiratoir falen....................................................................................................................................... 52

9. Longkanker.............................................................................................................................................. 53

10. Respiratoire infecties.............................................................................................................................. 54




3

, Prof. Brusselle AJ 23-24



1. Symptomen en klinische tekenen
Longziekten: 8 majeure ziektedomeinen




1.1. Symptomen
Anamnese:
 Aanmeldklacht?  Snurken, (slaap)apneu
 Koorts, nachtzweten  Beroepsanamnese
 Eetlust, gewicht  Familiale anamnese
 Moe(heid)  Blootstelling: huisdieren, asbest, …
 Hoest, sputum, hemoptoe  Rookgewoonten (wat en hoeveel)
 Dyspneu, thoracale pijn  Duur
 Piepende ademhaling en stridor




1.1.1.Hoest
Duur: acuut of chronisch
Productief: sputum, bloed, …
Uitlokkende factoren en tijdstip: houdingsgebonden hoest, nachtelijke hoest, bronchiale
hyperreactiviteit (BHR)




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