GRMN 2301 MIDTERM EXAM 2 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

major tenets of nazi ideology antisemitism, lebensraum, nationalism, leadership principle, social darwinism, anti communism, pan Germanism anti semitism Antisemitism within Nazi ideology was a continuation of historical anti-semitism with new ideas of race (Social Darwinism), hate and "degenerate culture" (modernist art and film + feminism). Less that 2% of the German nation was Jewish... change from christian to racial anti semitism, wasnt a reaction to jewish life, they were the scapegoat, hatred of some aspects (feminism, art, etc.) that was associated with jewish life hostility/prejudice towards jews lebensraum The desire to expand eastward to provide living space for the growing German race. "living space". need more space in east germany, wanted to conquer slavic lands to make more room for ethnic germans Lebensraum: clearing Poland of gentiles/elite and Jews to make space for Germans, beginning of wwII nationalism Originally led by student organizations with the idea of "unification of conglomerates", promoting the cultural unity of the German Race. aimed for the creation of a new racial german community under the leadership of one man leadership principle Adopted by other Fascist movements like Italy, one strong leader, not democratic. govern by means of biological education and scientific truth, one strong leader Social Darwinism Not a nazi invention, movement of colonialism and superiority complex, survival of the fittest race (Aryan), the sick, weak, disabled and degenerates (Artists, Poets) will suffer and not survive anti communism hitler believed communism was the primary enemy of Germany often mentioned in mein kampf pan germanism Treaty of Versailles took away land from Germany after WWI, direct relation to this seizure of land, Hitler believed that all of the German speaking people should be in one country. Geographical boundaries seemed malleable to many Germans Belief that German unification was not finished hitler believed all german speaking ppl should be in one country geographical boundaries seemed malleable to most germans the idea or principle of a political unification of all Europeans speaking German or a Germanic language. WW1 years nazi regime years hitler appointed chancellor january 30, 1933 beerhall putsch 1923 failed coup attempt by hitler arrested storm of steel by ernst junger pain and passion go hand in hand, desensitization to the horrors of war (survival), expectations vs reality, self sacrifice (ideal form of man was one who was a soldier and fought fearlessly for his country, community/nation over self, boredom worse than death, changed def. of hard work, war positive or negative?, alienation from struggle of life (no excitement at home), written beautifully, describes WW1 as an "aesthetic experience", "new militarized man" new visions that rise from WW1 Nationalism Art and Culture Dada and Surrealism "Degenerative art"- antisemitic, moved away from realism Artistic movements of protest against technology and bourgeois New militarized humanity: Ernst Junger, Storm of Steel Mechanical Warfare "Breeding group of weapons, technologies, ideologies that straddle political extremists." Pivotal Weapons- machine gun, NEW to WW1 Mass Developed transportation and communication biological politics Politics that govern directly with biological aspects of a particular race Concentration of sexuality and health with the aim of making Germany great again Allowed national socialists to practice racial hygiene (ties heavily into ideological tenet social darwinism) politics that govern by directly intervening and taking interest in the health (sexuality) in an individuals life (concentration of sexuality and health with the aim of making Germany great again) new class created proletariat (working poor) eugenics racial hygiene rhetoric art of speaking for a performance with the goal to persuade relationship between arts and politics in nazi germany: arts Modern Concept of Art and Politics Modern artists are seen as creative genius' They shape material with a violence and forcefulness Destroying something with a form, to make something "better" Artists are revolutionary, transgressing boundaries Artists are conservative, they preserve the spirit (personal or national from the encroachment by modernity) Modern Artists are creative, violent, revolutionary and conservative. leaders politics Is racial, the struggle of one race against others (Aryan vs. Jewish) Nazi politics aims to made race real, render it visible by using violence Nazi politics has to eliminate resistance to artistic project. Nazi politics aimed to create a race that is defined by its' creativity- and destroy any race seen to be degenerate. 1. Hitler has a vision for the German People 2. This is an 'artistic' vision 3. He aimed to make this vision into reality 4. This realization required, according to Hitler, violence main concepts in mein kampf: history as a force directed forward, violent drive, forces It is easy to destroy someone's beliefs as long as you replace them with one where they feel protected and feel at home. Hitler wanted to destroy Marxist ideology, which he related to Jewish culture. History is flexible, and serves a purpose, Hitler believed in forming and creating history, Although facts never change, History is based on how people interpret those facts, and historical forces such as Das Volk (the unified mass of people) change these interpretations. "The people has a prophetic vision of its own future". (pg.161 Mein Kampf) The World War has a prophecy/end game, it was seen as the end of history. race Hierarchy of Race There are qualitative differences between races Aryans (Indo-Europeans) were the most valuable of these races Aryans must be considered separate to the Jewish "race". Racial Typology Cultural Founding vs. Cultural Bearing vs. culture destroying Struggle among races is natural Races rise and fall depending on their maintenance of purity and avoidance of mingling - "blood-poisoning" Nuremberg Laws: Offered Criteria for identifying Jews mein kampf- folkish state Aryan Folkish State: This was Hitler's artistic end goal The Aryan Folkish state was the end goal that the Nazi party used to justify the means of getting there (violence against Jews and other people...etc.) The folkish state (which means it is the duty of the state to create harmony between the political and private life of the people) divides its inhabitants into three classes: citizens, subjects, and foreigners. Hitler thinks that the idea "Race plays no part in citizenship" is outdated how are the tenets related Pan-germanism, Nationalism and lebensraum all circulate a shared aim to improve the lives of German citizens in some aspect. Pan-germanism was Hitler's strong belief that all German natives (das Volk) should live under one Reich, nationalism was a general atmosphere that underfell the german nation, inspiring youths into action and reestablishing patriotism! Hitler's rise felt like a movement to many in Germany, they were in economic turmoil, infrastructure partly in shambles and morale had been low during the Weimar republik. Lebensraum was the tenet relating to Germany's lack of resources due to the humiliating Treaty of Versailles. The nazi party pushed for an increase in infrastructure functionality and industrialization. Anti-Communism and Anti-semitism were related as Hitler believed that these ideologies were the ones holding back the ideology of National socialism. To make way for his philosophy of life Marxist and Jews had to be eradicated as they stand against what he believes which actively prevents his party's development. Social Darwinism and the leadership principle are also intertwined concepts. Eugenics and the darwinian concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest brought about idealistic theories of a super race. National socialist believed in breeding aryans to perfect a human specimen, this was Hitler's vision for the future Folk. This also meant racial hygiene and while positive eugenics meant breeding 'good' characteristics, negative eugenics means to downregulate unfavorable characteristics, ones that were identified by Hitler (antisemitism/ racism). How would you summarize Nazi beliefs in the texts you've studied so far? The Nazis believed in nazism aimed for the creation of a new racial german community under the leadership of one man. Nazi ideology- believed in superiority of german race, abasement of people, might over right, evil nature of jews, etc. caplan- national socialists represented something new: 1) nazis proved to be effective and confident organizers 2) folksy rapport with middle class interest groups 3) insisted on need to integrate german workers back into the volk - stressed racial issues, image of socially responsive -'bread and work' nazi slogan 1932 peoples party -nazis remained the party most in harmony with the political hopes of the majority of non socialist germans -simple criminal organization to clear ideology(nazism as an intellectual movement changed) -origins of nazi anti semitism- doesnt follow christian values/morals, more scientific, new theories of race, hatred of some aspects of modernity that was associated with jewish life -nationalism/ antisemitism biology in the middle school- social darwinism, survival of the fittest propaganda in middle school science books, men are supposed to produce good soldiers and men are supposed to be good soldiers, struggle for survival, competition to reproduce and preserve species , good of nation>good of individual, biopolitics!! mein kampf- anti semitism, jews lead to ruin, 3 types of race, own nothing original, no true culture, intelligence due to aryan culture exposure, racial characteristics but never a religion