0 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
Popular Culture and Diversity: Summary
2023-2024
Inhoud
Popular Culture and Diversity: Summary ................................................................................................ 0
1 Lecture 1: Introduction & Intersectionality ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Exploring the topic................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Intersectionality 101: Text Hankvisky (2014) .......................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Gender activism and emancipation................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Intersectionality, so what? .............................................................................................. 3
1.2.3 Core message .................................................................................................................. 3
2 Lecture 2: Popular Culture .............................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Why study popular culture? .................................................................................................... 3
2.2 ‘What is popular culture?’ – Text Storey (2012) ..................................................................... 3
2.2.1 How does Raymond Williams define culture ................................................................. 4
2.2.2 What are the different meanings of ideology? ............................................................... 5
2.2.3 Popular culture according to Raymond Williams ............................................................ 5
2.3 Elaboration .............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Distinction mass – popular – folk culture ........................................................................ 7
2.3.2 Gaming vs. Reading = low culture vs. high culture?! ...................................................... 8
2.3.3 Cultural studies: more positive about popular culture ................................................... 8
2.3.4 Link class – culture: Pierre Bourdieu ............................................................................... 8
2.3.5 Americanisation............................................................................................................... 9
2.3.6 Postmodernism ............................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Case: gay music icons & docusoaps: niet kennen ................................................................... 9
3 Lecture 3: Cultural Studies .............................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Cultural Studies: An Introduction ............................................................................................ 9
3.2 ‘Introduction to cultural studies’ - Text Barker & Jane (2016) .............................................. 10
3.2.1 Which elements does Bennett use to define cultural studies? ..................................... 10
3.2.2 Stuart Hall on the origins of Cultural Studies ................................................................ 10
3.2.3 Key concepts.................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.4 Intellectual strands ........................................................................................................ 12
3.3 Elaborations........................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 Central concerns of CS................................................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Questions of methodology ............................................................................................ 14
3.3.3 Problems with CS ........................................................................................................... 15
,1 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
3.4 The Loss of the Popular: Reconstructing Fifty Years of Studying Popular Culture: Text
Hermes & Teurlings (2021)................................................................................................................ 15
3.5 Case YouTube vloggers .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1 In practice ...................................................................................................................... 16
4 Lecture 4: The circuit of culture .................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Encoding – decoding ............................................................................................................. 17
4.1.1 Communications/media studies.................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Hall 1980, ‘Encoding/decoding’ ..................................................................................... 17
4.2 Doing cultural studies: Text Du Gay & Hall (1997) ................................................................ 19
4.2.1 The launch of the Sony Walkman (1979) ...................................................................... 19
4.2.2 ‘Doing cultural studies’ .................................................................................................. 19
4.2.3 Recap ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.2.4 Methodologies? ............................................................................................................. 22
4.2.5 Today? ........................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Case: Punk style ..................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1 Punk & Riot Grrrl ........................................................................................................... 23
5 Lecture 5: Representation ............................................................................................................. 23
5.1 ‘Representation’: Text Taylor & Willis (1999) ....................................................................... 23
5.1.1 Dyer ‘The role of stereotypes’ ....................................................................................... 24
5.1.2 Taylor & Willis ‘Representation’ .................................................................................... 25
5.2 Elaborations: representation and stereotypes ..................................................................... 25
5.2.1 Representation of women ............................................................................................. 26
5.2.2 Representation of race & ethnicity ............................................................................... 26
5.3 Case: Representation of LGBTQ sexuality ............................................................................. 27
5.4 Case: Reading gay music videos ............................................................................................ 28
5.4.1 The ever-presence of heteronormativity - mainstream ............................................... 28
5.4.2 Sameness in Queerness – alternative mainstream ...................................................... 29
5.4.3 Different shades of queer – underground .................................................................... 29
6 Lecture 6: Hiphop (Guest Lecture Soe Nsuki)................................................................................ 29
6.1 What is Hip Hop ? .................................................................................................................. 29
6.1.1 Birthplace of Hip Hop .................................................................................................... 29
6.2 Why is it counter culture? ..................................................................................................... 30
6.3 Why is it a tool of oppression? .............................................................................................. 30
7 Lecture 7: Production (and Guest Lecture Thalia van Wichelen) .................................................. 31
7.1 Production : Introduction ...................................................................................................... 31
7.2 ‘The media industry’: Text Croteau & Hoynes (2007) ........................................................... 31
,2 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
7.2.1 Industry trends .............................................................................................................. 31
7.2.2 Structure and strategy ................................................................................................... 32
7.2.3 Resulting debates .......................................................................................................... 33
7.3 Elaboration: Political Economy vs. Cultural Studies .............................................................. 33
7.3.1 Political economy .......................................................................................................... 34
7.4 Guest Lecture Thalia van Wichelen : Sexual and Gender Diversity in Youth & Children’s
media: Production Views .................................................................................................................. 34
7.4.1 Representation .............................................................................................................. 34
7.4.2 Production ..................................................................................................................... 36
7.4.3 Reception....................................................................................................................... 37
8 Lecture 8: Reception...................................................................................................................... 37
8.1 Backdrop lecture 8+9: Identity in Cultural Studies................................................................ 37
8.1.1 Barker & Jane (2016): Issues of subjectivity and identity ............................................. 37
8.1.2 The fracturing of identity............................................................................................... 38
8.1.3 Elaboration .................................................................................................................... 38
8.2 Qualitative audience research: Text Seiter (1999) ................................................................ 38
8.2.1 Mass communications vs. Cultural Studies ................................................................... 39
8.3 Elaborations: audience research ........................................................................................... 41
8.3.1 Critical observations ...................................................................................................... 41
8.3.2 Reception research nowadays?..................................................................................... 41
8.3.3 Livingstone. S (2019) Audiences in an Age of Datafication ........................................... 41
8.4 Case: Queer Voices ................................................................................................................ 42
8.4.1 The role of music in identity formation of LGBTQ individuals ...................................... 42
8.4.2 Some theoretical backgrounds ...................................................................................... 42
9 Lecture 9: Race, Ethnicity, Cultural Identity (and Guest Lecture Laurence Scherz) ...................... 43
9.1 Race & Ethnicity: Terminology .............................................................................................. 43
9.1.1 Concepts of race and ethnicity ...................................................................................... 43
9.1.2 Terminology: race/ethnicity/migration ......................................................................... 44
9.1.3 New ethnicities & diaspora ........................................................................................... 44
9.1.4 Elaboration: White (Richard Dyer) ................................................................................ 44
9.2 ‘Media Constructions of culture, race, ethnicity’: Text Dixon et al. (2019) .......................... 45
9.2.1 Theoretical Importance of Media Stereotypes ............................................................. 45
9.2.2 Analysing race and ethnicity in mass media.................................................................. 45
9.2.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 46
9.2.4 Examples from European Context ................................................................................. 47
9.3 Elaboration: ‘Why I’m No Longer Talking To White People About Race - Eddo-Lodge ........ 47
, 3 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
9.4 Case: Solange & Social Change .............................................................................................. 47
9.4.1 Hip-hop culture and social change ................................................................................ 47
9.5 Guest Lecture Memes as Popular Culture Products - Laurence Scherz ............................... 48
9.5.1 Origin of the même ....................................................................................................... 48
9.5.2 Types of memes............................................................................................................. 48
9.5.3 Memes function as: ....................................................................................................... 48
9.5.4 Humor ............................................................................................................................ 49
9.5.5 Art/design world............................................................................................................ 50
9.5.6 So … again, popular culture ........................................................................................... 50
9.5.7 A new definition? .......................................................................................................... 50
10 Lecture 10 : Barbie zine workshop – Readings .......................................................................... 50
11 Lecture 11 : Transgender persons and mainstream media ....................................................... 50
11.1 Terminology........................................................................................................................... 50
11.2 Queer Theory......................................................................................................................... 51
11.3 Transgender emancipation today? ....................................................................................... 52
11.4 Trans representations ........................................................................................................... 52
11.4.1 Cavalcante 2018, Struggling for the Ordinary ............................................................... 53
11.4.2 Trans representation and the media ............................................................................. 53
11.5 Disclosure (2020): Documentary ........................................................................................... 53
11.5.1 Production ..................................................................................................................... 53
11.5.2 On representation ......................................................................................................... 53
11.5.3 Stereotypical representations ....................................................................................... 54
11.5.4 Ballroom culture ............................................................................................................ 54
11.5.5 Trans-led representations ............................................................................................. 54
Popular Culture and Diversity: Summary
2023-2024
Inhoud
Popular Culture and Diversity: Summary ................................................................................................ 0
1 Lecture 1: Introduction & Intersectionality ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Exploring the topic................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Intersectionality 101: Text Hankvisky (2014) .......................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Gender activism and emancipation................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Intersectionality, so what? .............................................................................................. 3
1.2.3 Core message .................................................................................................................. 3
2 Lecture 2: Popular Culture .............................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Why study popular culture? .................................................................................................... 3
2.2 ‘What is popular culture?’ – Text Storey (2012) ..................................................................... 3
2.2.1 How does Raymond Williams define culture ................................................................. 4
2.2.2 What are the different meanings of ideology? ............................................................... 5
2.2.3 Popular culture according to Raymond Williams ............................................................ 5
2.3 Elaboration .............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Distinction mass – popular – folk culture ........................................................................ 7
2.3.2 Gaming vs. Reading = low culture vs. high culture?! ...................................................... 8
2.3.3 Cultural studies: more positive about popular culture ................................................... 8
2.3.4 Link class – culture: Pierre Bourdieu ............................................................................... 8
2.3.5 Americanisation............................................................................................................... 9
2.3.6 Postmodernism ............................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Case: gay music icons & docusoaps: niet kennen ................................................................... 9
3 Lecture 3: Cultural Studies .............................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Cultural Studies: An Introduction ............................................................................................ 9
3.2 ‘Introduction to cultural studies’ - Text Barker & Jane (2016) .............................................. 10
3.2.1 Which elements does Bennett use to define cultural studies? ..................................... 10
3.2.2 Stuart Hall on the origins of Cultural Studies ................................................................ 10
3.2.3 Key concepts.................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.4 Intellectual strands ........................................................................................................ 12
3.3 Elaborations........................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 Central concerns of CS................................................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Questions of methodology ............................................................................................ 14
3.3.3 Problems with CS ........................................................................................................... 15
,1 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
3.4 The Loss of the Popular: Reconstructing Fifty Years of Studying Popular Culture: Text
Hermes & Teurlings (2021)................................................................................................................ 15
3.5 Case YouTube vloggers .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1 In practice ...................................................................................................................... 16
4 Lecture 4: The circuit of culture .................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Encoding – decoding ............................................................................................................. 17
4.1.1 Communications/media studies.................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Hall 1980, ‘Encoding/decoding’ ..................................................................................... 17
4.2 Doing cultural studies: Text Du Gay & Hall (1997) ................................................................ 19
4.2.1 The launch of the Sony Walkman (1979) ...................................................................... 19
4.2.2 ‘Doing cultural studies’ .................................................................................................. 19
4.2.3 Recap ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.2.4 Methodologies? ............................................................................................................. 22
4.2.5 Today? ........................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Case: Punk style ..................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1 Punk & Riot Grrrl ........................................................................................................... 23
5 Lecture 5: Representation ............................................................................................................. 23
5.1 ‘Representation’: Text Taylor & Willis (1999) ....................................................................... 23
5.1.1 Dyer ‘The role of stereotypes’ ....................................................................................... 24
5.1.2 Taylor & Willis ‘Representation’ .................................................................................... 25
5.2 Elaborations: representation and stereotypes ..................................................................... 25
5.2.1 Representation of women ............................................................................................. 26
5.2.2 Representation of race & ethnicity ............................................................................... 26
5.3 Case: Representation of LGBTQ sexuality ............................................................................. 27
5.4 Case: Reading gay music videos ............................................................................................ 28
5.4.1 The ever-presence of heteronormativity - mainstream ............................................... 28
5.4.2 Sameness in Queerness – alternative mainstream ...................................................... 29
5.4.3 Different shades of queer – underground .................................................................... 29
6 Lecture 6: Hiphop (Guest Lecture Soe Nsuki)................................................................................ 29
6.1 What is Hip Hop ? .................................................................................................................. 29
6.1.1 Birthplace of Hip Hop .................................................................................................... 29
6.2 Why is it counter culture? ..................................................................................................... 30
6.3 Why is it a tool of oppression? .............................................................................................. 30
7 Lecture 7: Production (and Guest Lecture Thalia van Wichelen) .................................................. 31
7.1 Production : Introduction ...................................................................................................... 31
7.2 ‘The media industry’: Text Croteau & Hoynes (2007) ........................................................... 31
,2 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
7.2.1 Industry trends .............................................................................................................. 31
7.2.2 Structure and strategy ................................................................................................... 32
7.2.3 Resulting debates .......................................................................................................... 33
7.3 Elaboration: Political Economy vs. Cultural Studies .............................................................. 33
7.3.1 Political economy .......................................................................................................... 34
7.4 Guest Lecture Thalia van Wichelen : Sexual and Gender Diversity in Youth & Children’s
media: Production Views .................................................................................................................. 34
7.4.1 Representation .............................................................................................................. 34
7.4.2 Production ..................................................................................................................... 36
7.4.3 Reception....................................................................................................................... 37
8 Lecture 8: Reception...................................................................................................................... 37
8.1 Backdrop lecture 8+9: Identity in Cultural Studies................................................................ 37
8.1.1 Barker & Jane (2016): Issues of subjectivity and identity ............................................. 37
8.1.2 The fracturing of identity............................................................................................... 38
8.1.3 Elaboration .................................................................................................................... 38
8.2 Qualitative audience research: Text Seiter (1999) ................................................................ 38
8.2.1 Mass communications vs. Cultural Studies ................................................................... 39
8.3 Elaborations: audience research ........................................................................................... 41
8.3.1 Critical observations ...................................................................................................... 41
8.3.2 Reception research nowadays?..................................................................................... 41
8.3.3 Livingstone. S (2019) Audiences in an Age of Datafication ........................................... 41
8.4 Case: Queer Voices ................................................................................................................ 42
8.4.1 The role of music in identity formation of LGBTQ individuals ...................................... 42
8.4.2 Some theoretical backgrounds ...................................................................................... 42
9 Lecture 9: Race, Ethnicity, Cultural Identity (and Guest Lecture Laurence Scherz) ...................... 43
9.1 Race & Ethnicity: Terminology .............................................................................................. 43
9.1.1 Concepts of race and ethnicity ...................................................................................... 43
9.1.2 Terminology: race/ethnicity/migration ......................................................................... 44
9.1.3 New ethnicities & diaspora ........................................................................................... 44
9.1.4 Elaboration: White (Richard Dyer) ................................................................................ 44
9.2 ‘Media Constructions of culture, race, ethnicity’: Text Dixon et al. (2019) .......................... 45
9.2.1 Theoretical Importance of Media Stereotypes ............................................................. 45
9.2.2 Analysing race and ethnicity in mass media.................................................................. 45
9.2.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 46
9.2.4 Examples from European Context ................................................................................. 47
9.3 Elaboration: ‘Why I’m No Longer Talking To White People About Race - Eddo-Lodge ........ 47
, 3 Popular Culture and Diversity : Summary Hava Masaeva
9.4 Case: Solange & Social Change .............................................................................................. 47
9.4.1 Hip-hop culture and social change ................................................................................ 47
9.5 Guest Lecture Memes as Popular Culture Products - Laurence Scherz ............................... 48
9.5.1 Origin of the même ....................................................................................................... 48
9.5.2 Types of memes............................................................................................................. 48
9.5.3 Memes function as: ....................................................................................................... 48
9.5.4 Humor ............................................................................................................................ 49
9.5.5 Art/design world............................................................................................................ 50
9.5.6 So … again, popular culture ........................................................................................... 50
9.5.7 A new definition? .......................................................................................................... 50
10 Lecture 10 : Barbie zine workshop – Readings .......................................................................... 50
11 Lecture 11 : Transgender persons and mainstream media ....................................................... 50
11.1 Terminology........................................................................................................................... 50
11.2 Queer Theory......................................................................................................................... 51
11.3 Transgender emancipation today? ....................................................................................... 52
11.4 Trans representations ........................................................................................................... 52
11.4.1 Cavalcante 2018, Struggling for the Ordinary ............................................................... 53
11.4.2 Trans representation and the media ............................................................................. 53
11.5 Disclosure (2020): Documentary ........................................................................................... 53
11.5.1 Production ..................................................................................................................... 53
11.5.2 On representation ......................................................................................................... 53
11.5.3 Stereotypical representations ....................................................................................... 54
11.5.4 Ballroom culture ............................................................................................................ 54
11.5.5 Trans-led representations ............................................................................................. 54
