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Samenvatting volledig overzicht verschillen prokaryoten en eukaryoten

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tabel met zowat alle belangrijke verschillen tussen prokaryoten en eukaryoten + het verschil in genstructuur bij transcriptie 1e bachelor bio-ingenieurswetenschappen UGent

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Uploaded on
December 26, 2023
Number of pages
4
Written in
2023/2024
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Prokaryoten vs. Eukaryoten
Prokaryoot Eukaryoot

Kern

Geen kern - Nucleolus
 Synthese ribosomen en rRNA
 Geen membraan

DNA gebonden aan eiwit (histonen)
Naakt DNA (supercoil) - Chromatine en chromosomen
- Diploïd met haploïde geslachtscellen

Lineair DNA
- Euchromatine (compact)
Circulair DNA in supercoil (nucleoïd) o Metafase
- Heterochromatine
o Interfase

(meestal) geen introns Introns

Plasmiden aanwezig
Geen plasmiden
= bevatten DNA

Geen endoplasmatisch reticulum Endoplasmatisch reticulum

Geen golgi apparaat Golgi apparaat

Geen mitochondriën Mitochondriën

Geen chloroplasten Chloroplasten in sommige cellen

Vrije ribosomen (70S) Vrije en gebonden ribosomen (80S)

Geen lysosomen, peroxisomen Lysosomen en peroxisomen

Geen vacuole Vacuole(s) in sommige cellen

Grootte van de cel: ca 1-5µm Grootte van de cel: ca 10-50µm

Celwand uit peptidoglycaan
- Gram-negatief
dunne peptidoglucaanlaag, dubbel Celwand uit chitine of cellulose
membraan
- Gram-positief
dikke peptidoglucaanlaag  paars
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