NURS 488 - Lec 9 Test
With Solution
Types of Acid-Controlling Drugs (3) - ANSWER 1. Antacids
2. H2 antagonists
3. Proton pump inhibitors
stomach secretions (6) - ANSWER 1. HCl
2. Bicarbonate
3. Pepsinogen (pepsin)
4. Intrinsic factor
5. Mucus
6. Prostaglandins (anti inflammatory)
MOA of antacids (7) - ANSWER - Neutralize stomach acid
- Promote gastric mucosal defence mechanisms
- Secretion of:
> Mucus: protective barrier against HCl
> Bicarbonate: helps buffer acidic properties of HCl
> Prostaglandins: prevent activation of proton pump
*Antacids DO NOT prevent the overproduction of acid*
,*Antacids DO neutralize the acid once it is in the stomach*
effects of antacids (4) - ANSWER • Antacids reduce pain associated with
acid-related disorders
• Raising gastric pH only 0.3 point neutralizes 50% of the gastric acid
• Raising gastric pH one point neutralizes 90% of the gastric acid
• Reducing acidity reduces pain
types of antacids (4ish lmao) - ANSWER *used alone or in combo*
1. Aluminum salts:
- Almagel (with magnesium hydroxide)
- Combination products (aluminum and magnesium): Maalox, Mylanta
2. Magnesium salts:
- Carbonate salt: Magmix
- Hydroxide salt: milk of magnesia
- Oxide salt: magnesium oxide
- Trisilicate salt: Gasulsol Tablets
- Combination product: Calmax, Maalox
3. Calcium salts:
- Calcium carbonate (Tums)
- Used to prevent or treat calcium deficiency (calcium acetate, calcium liquid,
and calcium carbonate)
- Used in patients with chronic kidney failure to bind dietary phosphate and
, reduce the amount of phosphorus absorbed from food (aluminum hydroxide,
calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium liquid, and sevelamer [Renagel])
4. Sodium bicarbonate:
- Is highly soluble
- Buffers the acidic properties of HCl
- Has a quick onset but short duration
- May cause metabolic alkalosis
- May cause problems in patients with heart failure, hypertension, or renal
insufficiency because of high sodium content
contraindications of antacids (3) - ANSWER - Known drug allergy
- Severe kidney failure or electrolyte disturbances (because of the potential
toxic accumulation of electrolytes in the antacids themselves)
- Gastrointestinal obstruction
adverse effects of antacids (7) - ANSWER *Adverse effects are minimal and
depend on the compound used*
1. Aluminum and calcium
- Constipation
2. Magnesium
- Diarrhea
3. Calcium carbonate
- Produces gas and belching; combining it with simethicone reduces
discomfort
With Solution
Types of Acid-Controlling Drugs (3) - ANSWER 1. Antacids
2. H2 antagonists
3. Proton pump inhibitors
stomach secretions (6) - ANSWER 1. HCl
2. Bicarbonate
3. Pepsinogen (pepsin)
4. Intrinsic factor
5. Mucus
6. Prostaglandins (anti inflammatory)
MOA of antacids (7) - ANSWER - Neutralize stomach acid
- Promote gastric mucosal defence mechanisms
- Secretion of:
> Mucus: protective barrier against HCl
> Bicarbonate: helps buffer acidic properties of HCl
> Prostaglandins: prevent activation of proton pump
*Antacids DO NOT prevent the overproduction of acid*
,*Antacids DO neutralize the acid once it is in the stomach*
effects of antacids (4) - ANSWER • Antacids reduce pain associated with
acid-related disorders
• Raising gastric pH only 0.3 point neutralizes 50% of the gastric acid
• Raising gastric pH one point neutralizes 90% of the gastric acid
• Reducing acidity reduces pain
types of antacids (4ish lmao) - ANSWER *used alone or in combo*
1. Aluminum salts:
- Almagel (with magnesium hydroxide)
- Combination products (aluminum and magnesium): Maalox, Mylanta
2. Magnesium salts:
- Carbonate salt: Magmix
- Hydroxide salt: milk of magnesia
- Oxide salt: magnesium oxide
- Trisilicate salt: Gasulsol Tablets
- Combination product: Calmax, Maalox
3. Calcium salts:
- Calcium carbonate (Tums)
- Used to prevent or treat calcium deficiency (calcium acetate, calcium liquid,
and calcium carbonate)
- Used in patients with chronic kidney failure to bind dietary phosphate and
, reduce the amount of phosphorus absorbed from food (aluminum hydroxide,
calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium liquid, and sevelamer [Renagel])
4. Sodium bicarbonate:
- Is highly soluble
- Buffers the acidic properties of HCl
- Has a quick onset but short duration
- May cause metabolic alkalosis
- May cause problems in patients with heart failure, hypertension, or renal
insufficiency because of high sodium content
contraindications of antacids (3) - ANSWER - Known drug allergy
- Severe kidney failure or electrolyte disturbances (because of the potential
toxic accumulation of electrolytes in the antacids themselves)
- Gastrointestinal obstruction
adverse effects of antacids (7) - ANSWER *Adverse effects are minimal and
depend on the compound used*
1. Aluminum and calcium
- Constipation
2. Magnesium
- Diarrhea
3. Calcium carbonate
- Produces gas and belching; combining it with simethicone reduces
discomfort
