Sociology CLEP Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

Sociology CLEP Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Absolute poverty - Answer-A standard of poverty based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist. Achieved status - Answer-A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. Activity theory - Answer-An interactionist theory of aging that argues that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted. Adoption - Answer-In a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents. Affirmative action - Answer-Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. Ageism - Answer-A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Agrarian society - Answer-The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow. Alienation - Answer-The condition of being estranged or disassociated from the surrounding society. Amalgamation - Answer-The process by which a majority group and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group. Anomie - Answer-Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Anomie theory of deviance - Answer-A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both. Anticipatory socialization - Answer-Processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. Anti-Semitism - Answer-Anti-Jewish prejudice. Apartheid - Answer-The former policy of the South African government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites. Argot - Answer-Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. Ascribed status - Answer-A social position "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Assimilation - Answer-The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. Authority - Answer-Power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. Bilateral descent - Answer-A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important. Bilingualism - Answer-The use of two or more languages in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate. Birthrate - Answer-The number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude birthrate. Black power - Answer-A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions. Bourgeoisie - Answer-Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production. Bureaucracy - Answer-A component of formal organization in which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency. Bureaucratization - Answer-The process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. Capitalism - Answer-An economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.