Biochemistry II Exam 1 Questions And Answers A+ Review Solution

Biochemistry II Exam 1 Questions And Answers A+ Review Solution Homeostasis is the maintenance of a dynamic(not static) steady state in an organism through careful control of biochemical processes. Example is regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(blood glucose high we want glycolysis to occur and low blood glucose levels we want gluconeogenesis to occur) - ANSWER-Define homeostasis and provide an example of a cellular process that helps maintain homeostasis. oxidative processes; nicotanamide ring; a hydride ion - ANSWER-Electron shuttle(NAD+): -Type of reaction involved in: -Reactive portion: -What is transferred onto the reactive portion: biosynthetic reduction/synthesis; nicotanamide ring; a hydride ion - ANSWER-Electron shuttle(NADP+): -Type of reaction involved in: -Reactive portion: -What is transferred onto the reactive portion: oxidative processes; isoalloxazine ring; 2 hydrogens and 2 electrons are transferred to make FADH2 - ANSWER-Electron shuttle(FAD): -Type of reaction involved in: -Reactive portion: -What is transferred onto the reactive portion: Hexokinase/Glucokinase; PFK-1; pyruvate kinase - ANSWER-List the control steps of glycolysis: regulation of enzymes(expression or degradation); metabolite flux(knowing the net flow); regulate catalytic activity of enzymes(allosteric regulation, covalent modification, proteolytic activation); compartmentalization(pathway in cytosol vs mitochondria; interorgan metabolism) - ANSWER-Provide 4 ways to regulate a metabolic pathway: Might be confused due to both occurring in mitochondria. Also, in process of succinate to fumerate via succinate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle FADH2 is produced. That FADH2 is then transported to ETS and is reduced to FAD to produce 1.5 ATP. Therefore, FADH2 directly links the TCA cycle and the ETS together, but are not the same pathway - ANSWER-Explain why some people confuse the fact that the TCA cycle and the ETS are the same metabolic pathway. aerobic=electron transport chain; anaerobic=to make lactate; fermentation=to make ethanol - ANSWERProvide three different fates for NADH for the 3 types of glycolysis...