NR 325 Exam 1 2023 E

NR 325 Exam 1 2023 E what is tuberculosis? – CORRECT ANSWERS A respiratory infection, person who encounters M Tuberculosis can develop active TB. airborne precautions. Once in the lungs, it likes to be in high o2 flow area so likes to get to and live in the base of the lungs. Forms a "lesion" or "turbucle". Once that happens, it goes to the apex. Once the turbucle forms, fibrotic tissue, scar tissue grows around it eventually long term. who typically gets TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Immunocompromised individuals homeless immigrants inmates overcrowding situations (migrant farm workers for example) malnourished individuals how is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS airborne droplets what are clinical manifestations of TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS night sweats, weight loss, cough, fever, SOB, anorexia/wasting, fatigue -cough may start off as dry and progress to moist, productive cough + bring up bloodtinged sputum -sometimes w the cough, patients report chest pain. This chest pain is often muscular how do we confirm someone has TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS sputum c+s to confirm acid-fast bacilli how do we treat TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Very long, complex drug treatment that can last for months. RIPE cocktail of antibiotics; rifampin, INH, ethambutol, pyrazinamide what labs do we monitor for patients with TB while they are being treated? - CORRECT ANSWERS BUN, creatinine, ALT/AST what is included in nursing management for a patient with TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS -med adherence -promoting airway clearance -ambulation in their room -encourage fluids + promote nutrition -2L of O2 NC (anything greater, need order for) -raise HOB -minimize risk for infection what is meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS potentially fatal infection caused by inflammation of the meningeal layers. These are layers that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord what are the different types of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial and viral what type of meningitis is considered septic? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial what are the types of bacteria that can cause bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS N meningitis + streptococcus pneumoniae what type of meningitis is considered aseptic? - CORRECT ANSWERS viral who is susceptible for viral meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS immunocompromised patients, patients who are in remission from cancer who is susceptible for bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS college students (living in dorms +close quarters), things causing direct portal of entry to meninges such as spinal injury how do we test for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS spinal tap; perform a lumbar puncture to perform this spinal tap and get CSF sample to send to lab for c+s what are the clinical manifestations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -fever -stiff neck/pain w flexion -photophobia -positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's sign -change in LOC +mental status -increased WBCs -Rash, purpura -seizures what diagnosis would demonstrate +Brudzinski's and +Kernig's sign? - CORRECT ANSWERS meningitis what is the treatment for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antibiotics: penicillin G or cephalosporins (broad to start, narrow once C+S obtained) -steroids for inflammation -phenytoin to help prevent seizures acetaminophen/ibuprofen what type of antibiotics are specifically used for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWE what is tuberculosis? – CORRECT ANSWERS A respiratory infection, person who encounters M Tuberculosis can develop active TB. airborne precautions. Once in the lungs, it likes to be in high o2 flow area so likes to get to and live in the base of the lungs. Forms a "lesion" or "turbucle". Once that happens, it goes to the apex. Once the turbucle forms, fibrotic tissue, scar tissue grows around it eventually long term. who typically gets TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Immunocompromised individuals homeless immigrants inmates overcrowding situations (migrant farm workers for example) malnourished individuals how is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS airborne droplets what are clinical manifestations of TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS night sweats, weight loss, cough, fever, SOB, anorexia/wasting, fatigue -cough may start off as dry and progress to moist, productive cough + bring up bloodtinged sputum -sometimes w the cough, patients report chest pain. This chest pain is often muscular how do we confirm someone has TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS sputum c+s to confirm acid-fast bacilli how do we treat TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Very long, complex drug treatment that can last for months. RIPE cocktail of antibiotics; rifampin, INH, ethambutol, pyrazinamide what labs do we monitor for patients with TB while they are being treated? - CORRECT ANSWERS BUN, creatinine, ALT/AST what is included in nursing management for a patient with TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS -med adherence -promoting airway clearance -ambulation in their room -encourage fluids + promote nutrition -2L of O2 NC (anything greater, need order for) -raise HOB -minimize risk for infection what is meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS potentially fatal infection caused by inflammation of the meningeal layers. These are layers that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord what are the different types of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial and viral what type of meningitis is considered septic? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial what are the types of bacteria that can cause bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS N meningitis + streptococcus pneumoniae what type of meningitis is considered aseptic? - CORRECT ANSWERS viral who is susceptible for viral meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS immunocompromised patients, patients who are in remission from cancer who is susceptible for bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS college students (living in dorms +close quarters), things causing direct portal of entry to meninges such as spinal injury how do we test for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS spinal tap; perform a lumbar puncture to perform this spinal tap and get CSF sample to send to lab for c+s what are the clinical manifestations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -fever -stiff neck/pain w flexion -photophobia -positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's sign -change in LOC +mental status -increased WBCs -Rash, purpura -seizures what diagnosis would demonstrate +Brudzinski's and +Kernig's sign? - CORRECT ANSWERS meningitis what is the treatment for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antibiotics: penicillin G or cephalosporins (broad to start, narrow once C+S obtained) -steroids for inflammation -phenytoin to help prevent seizures acetaminophen/ibuprofen what type of antibiotics are specifically used for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWE