PC707 Final Safety Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A+)

PLLR Category A - AMSWER-Drug poses no risk to fetus PLLR Category B - AMSWER-The drug poses no risk to animals OR no risk to humans if there was an adverse effect on animals PLLR Drug Category C - AMSWER-There is inconclusive data on the drug PLLR Drug Category D - AMSWER-Evidence of human fetal risk PLLR Drug Category X - AMSWER-Fetal abnormalities demonstrated Type 1 adverse reactions - AMSWER-IgE-mediated, immediate hypersensitivy Type 2 adverse reactions - AMSWER-Antibody dependent, cytotoxicity Type 3 adverse reactions - AMSWER-Immune complex hypersensitivity Type 4 adverse reactions - AMSWER-Cell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity When to do a medication reconcilation - AMSWER-Essentially every patient every time you see them Polypharmacy - AMSWER-Use of five or more meds including herbals and OTC Physiological changes in older adulthood - AMSWER-- Renal function can be impaired - Less water in the body (causing less distribution of water-soluble drugs and higher serum levels due to less volume) - Smaller liver - Less production of CYP450 enzymes - Higher gastric pH - Slower peristalsis (causes longer time for absorption) - Less muscle mass Physiological changes in children which effect prescribing - AMSWER-Depending on their age, children may have a higher rate of metabolism than adults, drugs may become less protein bound, and distribution is affected by a higher concentration of water in the pediatric client. What to tell a pregnant person who wants to take Tylenol or aspirin - AMSWER-Best to take Tylenol and avoid aspirin What to tell a pregnant person who wants to take Pepto Bismol - AMSWER-Avoid Pepto-Bismol because it contains aspirin What to tell a parent about giving their child Pepto-Bismol - AMSWER-Adult Pepto-Bismol contains aspirin, so avoid with children. Pediatric version has a different active ingredient so it's okay What is the STOPP tool? - AMSWER-STOPP stands for Screening Tool of Older People's potentially inappropriate Prescriptions Explain what is an "extensive metabolizer" and what happens if that person takes an active drug - AMSWER-An extensive metabolizer is someone with an average metabolism. They will metabolize that active drug at the average rate, meaning it will be cleared from the body at the same time as most people. Explain what happens when a "poor metabolizer" takes an active drug - AMSWER-That drug will stay in the person's body longer than most people because it takes longer than usual for it to be metabolized and cleared from the body Explain what happens when an "ultrarapid metabolizer" takes an active drug - AMSWER-There will be less time than usual for the drug to stay in the body and be effective because this person metabolizes drugs more quickly than the average person. Therefore, the drug will be cleared from the body more quickly.