Pediatrics: Hematology/Oncology - Questions
With Solutions
The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia are concerned about subsequent
children having the disease. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
"Sickle cell anemia is not inherited."
"All siblings will have sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 50% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia." ✔️Ans -
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having SCA."
SCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. In this inheritance
pattern, there is a 25% chance that each subsequent child will have the
disorder
A 2-month-old formula-fed baby is brought in for a routine checkup. The
parent of the baby tells the nurse that a friend has advised her to give fresh
cow's milk to the baby instead of formula milk because it has high nutritional
value. What is the nurse's best response?
Fresh cow's milk is the best source of nutrition for a 2-month-old baby.
The mother can start giving cow's milk to her baby at 3 months of age.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
sickle cell anemia.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
iron-deficiency anemia. ✔️Ans - Cow's milk should be avoided before 12
months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency anemia.
,It is important for a nurse to educate the parents about appropriate measures
to be taken to prevent iron-deficiency anemia. Fresh cow's milk contains a
heat-labile protein that can induce gastrointestinal bleeding in children
younger than 12 months. It can also cause gastrointestinal mucosal damage in
these children, leading to bleeding. Therefore, fresh cow's milk should not be
given to children before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-
deficiency anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Sickle cell anemia is not
caused by cow's milk; instead it is an inherited genetic disease.
What is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs?
Hair loss
Glossomegaly
Increased energy
Increased appetite ✔️Ans - Hair loss
Hair loss is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs.
Glossomegaly is not a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs,
although stomatitis is. Decreased energy, rather than increased energy, is a
common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Reduced appetite, rather than
increased appetite, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Sarcoma
Epistaxis
Leukemia
Retinoblastoma ✔️Ans - Leukemia
Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer. Epistaxis is not
cancer; it is the medical term for a nosebleed. Sarcoma is not the most
common form of childhood cancer; nor is retinoblastoma.
, What is the primary treatment for hemophilia?
Exercise
Corticosteroids
Pain management
Replacement of missing clotting factor ✔️Ans - Replacement of missing
clotting factor
Replacement of the missing clotting factor is the primary therapy hemophilia.
Exercise is important but not the primary therapy for hemophilia.
Corticosteroids are helpful for hematuria and chronic synovitis but are not the
primary therapy for hemophilia. Treatment of pain is important but not the
primary therapy for hemophilia.
What ethnic group has the highest incidence of sickle cell disease?
Whites
Hispanics
Native Americans
African Americans ✔️Ans - African Americans
African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease; Hispanics
have the second-highest incidence of sickle cell disease. Native Americans and
whites have lower incidences of sickle cell disease than do African Americans
and Hispanics.
What treatment method has greatly improved the prognosis for children with
HIV infection?
Combination antibiotic therapy
With Solutions
The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia are concerned about subsequent
children having the disease. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
"Sickle cell anemia is not inherited."
"All siblings will have sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 50% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia." ✔️Ans -
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having SCA."
SCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. In this inheritance
pattern, there is a 25% chance that each subsequent child will have the
disorder
A 2-month-old formula-fed baby is brought in for a routine checkup. The
parent of the baby tells the nurse that a friend has advised her to give fresh
cow's milk to the baby instead of formula milk because it has high nutritional
value. What is the nurse's best response?
Fresh cow's milk is the best source of nutrition for a 2-month-old baby.
The mother can start giving cow's milk to her baby at 3 months of age.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
sickle cell anemia.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
iron-deficiency anemia. ✔️Ans - Cow's milk should be avoided before 12
months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency anemia.
,It is important for a nurse to educate the parents about appropriate measures
to be taken to prevent iron-deficiency anemia. Fresh cow's milk contains a
heat-labile protein that can induce gastrointestinal bleeding in children
younger than 12 months. It can also cause gastrointestinal mucosal damage in
these children, leading to bleeding. Therefore, fresh cow's milk should not be
given to children before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-
deficiency anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Sickle cell anemia is not
caused by cow's milk; instead it is an inherited genetic disease.
What is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs?
Hair loss
Glossomegaly
Increased energy
Increased appetite ✔️Ans - Hair loss
Hair loss is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs.
Glossomegaly is not a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs,
although stomatitis is. Decreased energy, rather than increased energy, is a
common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Reduced appetite, rather than
increased appetite, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Sarcoma
Epistaxis
Leukemia
Retinoblastoma ✔️Ans - Leukemia
Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer. Epistaxis is not
cancer; it is the medical term for a nosebleed. Sarcoma is not the most
common form of childhood cancer; nor is retinoblastoma.
, What is the primary treatment for hemophilia?
Exercise
Corticosteroids
Pain management
Replacement of missing clotting factor ✔️Ans - Replacement of missing
clotting factor
Replacement of the missing clotting factor is the primary therapy hemophilia.
Exercise is important but not the primary therapy for hemophilia.
Corticosteroids are helpful for hematuria and chronic synovitis but are not the
primary therapy for hemophilia. Treatment of pain is important but not the
primary therapy for hemophilia.
What ethnic group has the highest incidence of sickle cell disease?
Whites
Hispanics
Native Americans
African Americans ✔️Ans - African Americans
African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease; Hispanics
have the second-highest incidence of sickle cell disease. Native Americans and
whites have lower incidences of sickle cell disease than do African Americans
and Hispanics.
What treatment method has greatly improved the prognosis for children with
HIV infection?
Combination antibiotic therapy
