CLT Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

CLT Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed Which of the following statements is true? At minimum two levels of control should be tested daily for each test run in the laboratory. When comparing an instrument to its peer group, which statistic provides the most useful information regrind its ACCURACY SDI- standard deviation index When comparing an instrument to its peer group, which statistic provides the most useful description of OVERALL IMPRECISION CVR 2(2s) Detects systematic error 1(3s) Detects rondom error If the light source on an instrument is gradually weakening, it could contribute to what type of error? Systematic error If you change reagent on the instrument and your control results demonstrates a sudden and consistent increase in value, this phenomena is A shift in performance due to systematic error If one of two control values within a single test run is between 2s and 3s on the positive side, you should Accept the run if no error can be detected Dilution Decrease concentration by adding water/solvent Solute Substance being dissolved Solvent The substance in which the solute dissolves in Ratio Comparison of solute to solvent Example of ratios to dilutions (3/27) Dilution- 1/9 Dilution factor- 9 Serum needed to make dilution- 1 Saline needed to make dilution- 8 Tube dilution Dilution ratio in that tube alone Solution dilution Actual concentration of the solvent in each tube (dependent on the previous dilutions) Final concentration The solution dilution of the last tube %w/w (Unit weights of solute = grams of solute) / (100 ml of solution = 1dL of solution) %w/v (Grams of solute = grams of solute) / (100 mL of solution = 1 dL of solution) %v/v (mL of concentration = mL of concentrate) / 100 mL of solution = 1 dL of solution) Molarity The number of moles of solute per liter of solution Normality (Grams of solute/G eqw) / L Anticoagulants Prevent blood clot formation EX- EDTA, sodium citrate, and heparin Additive A substance added to something in small quantities, typically to improve or preserve it. EX- thrombin, sodium fluoride, gel 1. Yellow Blood cultures SPS 2. Light blue Citrate tube 3. Gold or Red/gray BD vacutainer SST gel separator tube Clot activator 4. Light green or green/gray Light green- lithium heparin Dark green- sodium heparin 5. Lavender EDTA 6. White BD vacutainer PPT separator tube K2, EDTA with gel 7. Gray Fluoride (glucose) tube Mohr Pipette The graduation always ends before the tip Serological Pipette The graduation marks continue to the tip TD pipettes To deliver large amounts Absence of the ring More common than TC pipette TC pipette To contain The number 1 test to run on a lavender top tube Complete blood count Ability of blood to form and dissolve clots Coagulation If you have a tube with an additive and centrafuse it, what will you get? Plasma What department do we send a light blue top tube? Coagulation The breakdown or metabolism of glucose by blood cells Glycolysis A thin, fluid-filled sac surrounding the heart Pericardium What additive is in a lavender top tube? Potassium EDTA A substance that prevents blood from clotting Anticoagulant Small veins that join capillaries Venules Where do you send a sterile tube? Microbiology A substance that enhances the coagulation process Clot activator The blood clotting process Coagulation What is sterile, light blue, red, gold, light green, dark green, lavender, gray? Order of draw No substance added to tube Non-additive If I have a green top tube and don't centrifuge it, what do I get? Whole blood Plasma separator tube PST If I have a red top tube and centrafuse it, what do I get? Serum An under filled or partially filled tube Short draw What prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles? Valves What is arterial pressure during relaxation of ventricles? Disastole Biosafety The application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian's risk of exposure to a potentially infection microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community Biosafety levels Specific controls for containment of microbes and biological agents Standard microbiological practices Common to all laboratories BSL-1 Microbes are nonpathogenic BSL-2 The microbes are typically indigenous and are associated with diseases of varying severity BSL-3 Microbes can be indigenous or exotic, and cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission BSL-4 Microbes are dangerous and exotic, high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections Volumetric pipette Delivers a single, specified volume Not completely drained or blown out Tip never comes in contact with the fluid in the container Most accurate pipette and should be used when diluting or preparing standards and controls Air displacement micropipettes Vacuum is generated by the metal or ceramic piston in an airtight sleeve Very precise and accurate Must be maintained and calibrated Positive displacement pipette Similar to air displacement Used for viscous substances like DNA The disposable tip is a micro syringe composed of a plunger which directly displaces the liquid. Notes for pipetting Hold the pipette in a vertical position to increase accuracy and precision Pipette solutions that are at room temperature to avoid errors caused by contraction and/or expansion of fluids Any air bubble will invalidate the volume of liquid Micro-volume pipette procedure Depress the plunger knob The plastic pipette tip must be properly fitted Pre-rinse Hold in vertical position Never allow the plunger knob to snap back Depress the knob BEFORE inserting the pipette to avoid air bubbles Don't drown the tip- try to insert the tip into the sample around the same depth each time Do not touch the inside wall of the receiving vessel MLA pipette TD pipette Only 1 plunger stop position Most often used in clinical laboratories due to its ease of use