Fluid & Electrolytes Quiz 1 Questions and answers

Fluid & Electrolytes Quiz 1 Questions and answers 1. Papilledema indicates • Increased intracranial pressure 2. Hypocalcemia will result in which of the following signs & symptoms: • Neuromuscular excitability & spasms, intestinal cramping, & tingling 3. Where is most of the Na+ in our bodies found? • Extracellular fluid 4. Colloid osmotic pressure is pressure created by: • Only the protein in fluid 5. The effect of hypocalcemia on the neuromuscular system is: • Increase neuromuscular excitability 6. The law of mass action dictates that if CO2 levels in the tissue or blood rise, the equilibrium will shift toward • Increasing levels of H+ and HCO3- 7. What is the next step dealing with pathogens or debris after the phagosome has formed? • Fusion with the lysosome 8. The most common type of leukocyte and predominates in early inflammatory response is the: • Neutrophil 9. Bradykinin has effects that are most similar to those of: • Histamine 10. are small secreted intercellular signaling molecules that are responsible for the inflammatory response: • Cytokines 11. Infants are at greater risk of dehydration because they, relative to adults, have: • A greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as water 12. Interstitial fluid would be considered fluid. • Extracellular 13. The fluid exchange between the arterial end and the venous end of a capillary bed in tissues such as muscle and skin results in all of the fluid that leaked out of the capillary being retained in within the vessels with no net loss of fluid. • False 14. Chloride ion (Cl-) has an equilibrium potential nearly the same as the resting potential. As a result, at resting membrane potential chloride ion (when permeable to the membrane) will move: • Equally in both directions 15. Aspirin and other NSAIDs work by blocking and enzyme critical in the formation of • Prostaglandins 16. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted in response to Toll-like receptor activation and has all of the following effect EXCEPT: • Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of proinflammatory cytokines 17. Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic inflammation? • Serous exudate 18. What type of exudate is found early in inflammation and is watery? • Serous 19. Hyperkalemia will result in: • Peaked t-waves and early neuromuscular excitability 20. Of the amount of water that is found outside of the cell extracellular, how much is found in the intravascular space? • ¼ 21. The type of leukocyte most associated with allergic response in parasite infection is the: • Eosinophil 22. Carbon dioxide is an important molecule produced through many metabolic processes in order to remove excess CO2, the body transports most of the CO2 in the form of: • HCO3 bicarbonate 23. Increased capillary permeability will result in: • Increased loss of fluids, as proteins also leave, from vessels 24. Starling forces affect the movement of fluid between the plasma and interstitial space. Which of the following, when increased, will promote a shift from the plasma into the interstitial space? • Interstitial oncotic pressure and plasma hydrostatic pressure 25. A rise in H+ levels in the blood (acidosis) will result in levels of CO2 and will be compensated by breathing rate.