Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank Table Of Contents Table of Contents 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry 2. Water 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 5. Protein Function 6. Enzymes 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies 10. Lipids 11. Biological Membranes and Transport 12. Biosignaling 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation 16. The Citric Acid Cycle 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria 21. Lipid Biosynthesis 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism 24. Genes and Chromosomes 25. DNA Metabolism 26. RNA Metabolism 27. Protein Metabolism 28. Regulation of Gene Expression best copy Page 1 1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the: A) cell envelope. B) cell membrane. C) nucleoid. D) nucleus. E) ribosomes. 2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A) DNA. B) photosynthetic capability. C) plasma membranes. D) ribosomes. E) the nucleus. 3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A) cell membrane. B) nuclear envelope. C) nucleolus. D) nucleoplasm. E) nucleosome. 4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of: A) 0.1 m to 10 m. B) 0.3 m to 30 m. C) 0.3 m to 100 m. D) 1 m to 100 m. E) 1 m to 300 m. 5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in extreme environments? A) bacteria B) archaea C) eukaryotes D) heterotrophs E) None of the answers is correct. Page 2 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is therefore a: A) chemoautotroph. B) chemoheterotroph. C) lithotroph. D) photoautotroph. E) photoheterotroph. 7. Which is a list of organelles? A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes E) All of the answers are correct. 8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size? A) amino acid protein mitochondrion ribosome B) amino acid protein ribosome mitochondrion C) amino acid ribosome protein mitochondrion D) protein amino acid mitochondrion ribosome E) protein ribosome mitochondrion amino acid 9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a noncovalent interaction? A) carbon-carbon bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) hydrophobic interactions D) ionic interactions E) van der Waals interactions 10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms? A) carbon B) hydrogen C) nitrogen D) oxygen E) phosphorus Page 3 11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which geometry? A) linear B) tetrahedral C) trigonal bipyramidal D) trigonal planar E) trigonal pyramidal 12. What functional groups are present on this molecule? A) ether and aldehyde B) hydroxyl and aldehyde C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid D) hydroxyl and ester E) hydroxyl and ketone 13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are: A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) membranes. D) nucleic acids. E) proteins. 14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as: A) anomers. B) cis-trans isomers. C) diastereoisomers. D) enantiomers. E) geometric isomers. 15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the: A) metabolome. B) proteasome. C) lysosome. D) proteome. E) genome. Page 4 16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d) photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORRECTLY finishes the statement: Carnivores are _____ and herbivores are _____. A) b; c B) b; d C) b; b D) a; b E) a; a 17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of: A) biological activity. B) chiral activity. C) racemization. D) stereoisomerization. E) stereospecificity. 18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n): A) dynamic steady state. B) equilibrium state. C) exergonic change. D) free-energy change. E) waste of energy. 19. If heat energy is absorbed by t