CLTM: Functional and Motor Sensory Mapping 2023/2024 updated to pass

CLTM: Functional and Motor Sensory MappingMagnetoencephalography (MEG) - correct answer a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical activity of the brain. Maps seizure focus, sensory, motor and language. A primary use of is source localization for refractory focal epilepsy (similar to HD EEG). ECOG - correct answer Electrocorticography is an EEG recording directly from the cerebral cortex using strips and grids. ECOG is used in functional mapping of the brain.. Recommended frequency bandpass of 0.5-70 Hz with sensitivity of 30-50 uV/mm. direct cortical stimulation - correct answer DCS: used for cortical functional mapping and is considered the gold standard procedure to identify eloquent cortex that maximizes the patient's functional outcome. What two critical details does brain MRI provide and What type of brain lesion does it best assess? - correct answer Currently the best available tool for identification of epileptogenic lesions, providing two critical details: The presumptive pathology and the precise anatomic location. MRI is considered gold standard for assessing mesial temporal sclerosis (sensitivity of >80%). Note: When looking at an MRI scan, it is important to remember that on your right is your left side of the patient's brain and left is right. What is MRI Tractography? - correct answer 3D modeling technique used to visually represent neural tracts using data collected by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Used to show structural abnormalities of white matter pathways in the brain and spinal cord. Allows for visualization of language and memory networks in epilepsy. What is Functional MRI (fMRI) - correct answer Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. Used in pre-surgical evaluation to map sensory, motor, and language (lateralization). Is a noninvasive alternative to intraoperative cortical stimulation and Wada testing. What is Wada testing? - correct answer Officially known as the Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Procedure (ISAP) - the Wada test looks at language and memory on one side of the brain at a time. Name comes from the physician who first performed it: Dr. Juhn Wada Name 2 noninvasive motor function mapping procedures. - correct answer Transcranial Magnetic Stimulations (TMS) Functional MRI (fMRI) What is positron emission tomography (PET) scan ? - correct answer Imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer (commonly, fluorodeoxyglucose or FDG - which is radio-labeled glucose) to look for seizure focus by revealing areas of the brain where glucose metabolism is low (hypometabolism). Laplacian montage - correct answer Similar to common average reference montage but refers to the average of directly surrounding electrodes. Best for very focal discharges with high amplitudes.