AGACNP questions with 100% complete solutions 2023/2024

AGACNP Lower UTI are called - correct answer Cystitis or urethritis What are two causes of upper - correct answer Pyelonephritis or renal abscess What are several symptoms of a uti - correct answer Dysuria, frequency, nocturia, hematuria, If a male pt has symptoms of BPh what is first test ordered? - correct answer Urinalysis What urinalysis finding is consistent with bacterial cystitis - correct answer >10 wbc , nitrates (specific) , esterase detection (sensitive), colony of bacteria 10^10 Abx treatment of uncomplicated cystitis - correct answer Nitrophentoin (best preg) Tmpx-STC , Fosfomycin or fluroquinolones Symptoms of pyelonephritis - correct answer Flank/back pain , fever ms change , n/v Laboratory urinalysis findings of pylo - correct answer Whit blood cells , hyaline casts , elevated esr Abx for complicated /upper uti - correct answer Ciproflaxcin( if not complicated) , complicated levofloxacin or ceftriaxone What is abx for healthcare associates Upper UTI - correct answer Use antipsudomonal , cefepime , ampicillin, mero, tazo, aminoglycosyde What is renal insufficientcy - correct answer Decrease of gfr caused by aging HTN DM What is an AKI? - correct answer Sudden increase in creatine * 2 or reduction of GFR by 50% , or U/O reduction <.5ml/kg for 12 hrs What is the RIFLE criteria? - correct answer Allows grading of kidney dysfunction based on creatinine, GFR and urine output What is kidney failure as defined by rifle criteria - correct answer CreTine *3 or GFR <75% , UO < .3 ml/kg for 24 hrs What is kidney injury as defined by rifle criteria - correct answer Scr *3 or GFR>50% /up less than .5ml/kg /hr for >12 hrs What is kidney function esrd according to RIFLe - correct answer Complete loss of function for >3hrs What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of pre renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity - correct answer >10:1 , <20, fena <1 , >1.015 (high) What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of intra renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity - correct answer Normal 10:1 , >40 mil NA, <specific gravity <1.015 , >3 Fena, byline casts What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of post renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity - correct answer Similar to intra renal What is the criteria for dyalsis - correct answer Acidosis , Electrolytes (k), toxins , volume (pulm edema) , uremia (pericardial effusion) What is anuria? - correct answer Less than 100 cc of urine in 24 hours What is oliguria? - correct answer Less than 400 cc of urine in 24 hours What is treatment for pre renal vs intra renal vs post - correct answer Expand intravascular volume, reduce obstruction of hepatic congestion, stop nephrotoxic drugs, treat infection , Remove obstruction