Adult Echo Exam 1 With Complete
Solution
Time Velocity Integral (TVI or VTI) – ANS- represents the distance blood travels with each
stroke
Regurgitant Volume (RV) -– ANS- the volume of blood that regurgitates through an
incompetent valve with each heart beat
Regurgitant Fraction (RF) -– ANS- the fraction or percentage of total stroke volume that
regurgitates through an incompetent valve
Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) - – ANS- the size of the orifice through which the regurg
passes, refers to the average effective area of the regurg orifice
Regurgitant Orifice Area (ROA) - – ANS- another term for effective regurgitant orifice
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) -– ANS- based on the concept that the flow
proximal to the regurgitant orifice is equal to the flow through the regurgitant orifice
Regurgitant flow (Flow MR) -– ANS- the instantaneous flow rate in cc/sec
Stroke Volume (SV) - – ANS- amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat
Cardiac Output (CO) - – ANS- volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac Index (CI) - – ANS- the cardiac output divided by the body surface area (BSA)
Cross Sectional Area (CSA) - – ANS- derived from the radius or the diameter of a cylinder
normal heart sounds = -– ANS- heart valves closing causing blood flow changes
2 normal heart sounds that occur in sequence -– ANS- "lub dub"
S1 - first heart sound "Lub"
- closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
S1 happens in _______ - Systole
- LV/RV starts contracting
- LV/RV pressure rises, exceeding LA/RA pressure
- causes closure of AV valves
S2 - second heart sound "Dub"
-– ANS- closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)
S2 happens in _____ - – ANS- Systole
Solution
Time Velocity Integral (TVI or VTI) – ANS- represents the distance blood travels with each
stroke
Regurgitant Volume (RV) -– ANS- the volume of blood that regurgitates through an
incompetent valve with each heart beat
Regurgitant Fraction (RF) -– ANS- the fraction or percentage of total stroke volume that
regurgitates through an incompetent valve
Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) - – ANS- the size of the orifice through which the regurg
passes, refers to the average effective area of the regurg orifice
Regurgitant Orifice Area (ROA) - – ANS- another term for effective regurgitant orifice
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) -– ANS- based on the concept that the flow
proximal to the regurgitant orifice is equal to the flow through the regurgitant orifice
Regurgitant flow (Flow MR) -– ANS- the instantaneous flow rate in cc/sec
Stroke Volume (SV) - – ANS- amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat
Cardiac Output (CO) - – ANS- volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac Index (CI) - – ANS- the cardiac output divided by the body surface area (BSA)
Cross Sectional Area (CSA) - – ANS- derived from the radius or the diameter of a cylinder
normal heart sounds = -– ANS- heart valves closing causing blood flow changes
2 normal heart sounds that occur in sequence -– ANS- "lub dub"
S1 - first heart sound "Lub"
- closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
S1 happens in _______ - Systole
- LV/RV starts contracting
- LV/RV pressure rises, exceeding LA/RA pressure
- causes closure of AV valves
S2 - second heart sound "Dub"
-– ANS- closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)
S2 happens in _____ - – ANS- Systole
