Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide Solved 100%

Why is it important to know what caused your patient's CRF? - Answer Can be secondary to underlying disease What are signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance? - Answer Edema, hypertension, pulmonary edema What does hypertension lead to? - Answer Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Why is sodium balance important? - Answer HyperNatremia- High BP, fluid overload HypoNatremia- Low BP What are signs and symptoms of hyperKalemia? - Answer Muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm and numbness & Tingling and widening of EKG What are signs and symptoms of hypoKalemia? - Answer Dysrhythmias, fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis and respiratory failure Why are patients anemic? - Answer Lack of erythropoietin: hormones excreted by kidney How can you prevent blood loss? - Answer Return all blood from lines, access complication and watch signs of bleeding and clotting What is pericarditis? - Answer Inflammation of heart What would you advise for a patient who complains of dry, itchy skin? - Answer Lotion, rubi skin, take phosphate binders What is Peripheral neuropathy - Answer Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in hands and feet What are the four key elements affected in CKD-MBD? - Answer Calcium, phosphorus, calcitrol and parathyroid hormone What are symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease? - Answer Severe itching, LVH, muscle weakness, bone pain and tendon ruptured What is your role in CKD-MBD? - Answer Encourage patient to take part in healthcare, report issues and medication and give hectorol What is ultrafiltration? - Answer Controlled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure (Fluid) What is convection? - Answer Solute started across semipermeable membrane along with fluid What is osmosis? - Answer Fluid moves from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration What is diffusion? - Answer The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. What are kidneys excretory functions? - Answer Fluid balance, electrolyte balance, waste removal and acid-base balance What are the kidneys endocrine functions? - Answer Excreting renin, erythropoiesis, calcitrate, activation of Vitamin D What the function of the acid concentrate? - Answer Helps balance electrolytes and glucose What is the function of bicarbonate? - Answer Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion. Buffers the acid to normal. Removal or replacement of electrolytes Why do we document in the medical record? - Answer Provides data continuity, proof the care was rendered and permanent legal record What does SMART stand for? - Answer Simple, meaningful, actual, read, teach What are the five W's to be used when completing an AOR? - Answer Who, what, where, what and where What are three things you should not include in an AOR? - Answer Personal opinions, diagnosis/speculations d vendettas What is an underlying assumptions of self-management? - Answer People who understand and take control of their condition will be healthier and happier What is the basic principle of self management? - Answer Dealing with the consequences of illness What is he define of health literacy? - Answer The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decision What are ways healthcare professional to contribute to a patient low health literacy? - Answer Let the patient in the driver seat; let them control the conversation What is the teach back method? - Answer Ask patient what you taught them What might be a sign that a patient cannot read very well? - Answer Giving excuses such as "I forgot my glasses" and "I'll read it when I get home" What are the educational tips for visual learners? - Answer Quiet surrounding, note taking, draw pictures and eye contact What are the educational tips for auditory learners? - Answer Words associations or mnemonics, read written notes out loud and repeat information What are the educational tips for for tactile learners? - Answer Frequent short breaks, role playing and hand on activities What is the 2-4-8 rule? - Answer 2 hours max uninterrupted 4 hours max per day 8 days minimum What does DARN stand for? - Answer Desire, ability, reason and need What are the three core communication skills to be used within the communication styles? - Answer Directing, following and guiding When should directing style be used? - Answer Giving instructions When should following style be used? - Answer Understand through listening When should guiding style be used? - Answer Elicits behavior change through patients own insight and motivations What does "R" in rule stands for? - Answer Righting reflex What does "U" in rule stand for? - Answer Understand your patients motivations What the "L" in rule stands for? - Answer Listen to your patient What does "E" in rule stands for? - Answer Empower your patients- let them make their own decision What does restating/ rephrasing mean? - Answer Repeat what patient said to confirm what they meant and what you heard What does deducing mean? - Answer Reflecting what patient feels or what they need What does summarizing mean? - Answer Recap note and conversation What makes dialysis patient more susceptible to HAIs? - Answer Kidney failure weakness both branches of a patient's immune system Why are dialysis patients at increased risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility? - Answer HD procedures require prolong access to patient's blood What are V tags and why are they important? - Answer CMS regulations and interpretive guidance related to infection control