PC707 Module 4 Cardiac Exam Questions & Answers Correct 100%

True or False: it is better to use office readings to make a diagnosis of hypertension - Answer False: it is appropriate to use both journal readings AND office readings to avoid white coat HTN and prevent masking sustained hypertension The new categories of hypertension will capture those who are at risk <sooner/later>. And why? - Answer Sooner; because the categories will not rule out those who are borderline. When you hit the higher ranges of BP, you are already at risk for many complications. This is in effort to help minimize these complications. The risk factors for ASCVD (what does the acronym stand for)? - Answer age, sex, race, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, statin therapy, and aspirin therapy ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease describe the stages for hypertension - Answer stage I: BP < 140/90. no ASCVD risk. lifestyle changes. follow up in 3-6 months stage II: BP < 160/100. lifestyle changes and meds. f/u in 1 month. stage II: BP >160/100. lifestyle changes and meds (2 agents of different classes). f/u in 1 month. normal BP: check yearly True or False : Only those with clinical CVD or with risk of 10% or more for ASCVD will be offered treatment - Answer True: and the remainder of people will be given education on lifestyle changes Name some key components of the DASH diet. What does DASH stand for? - Answer DASH: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension Components: veggies, fruits, low fat dairy products, whole grains, fish, poultry, beans seeds, and notes. What are the key lifestyle modifications for education with your patients who are at risk for hypertension? - Answer weight loss, DASH diet, reduce dietary sodium, aerobic physical activity, decrease alcohol consumption What are the two most important natural measures to assist in management of HTN? - Answer Na+ intake reduction, K+ supplementation Name the first line agents (classes) for managing HTN. - Answer diuretics, CCBs, ACEIs, ARBs True or False: the majority of hypertension in the U.S. is essential hypertension. - Answer True: the majority of hypertension in the U.S. is essential hypertension. List steps that will help you obtain an accurate BP reading. - Answer Empty bladder. Sit/rest x 5 minutes (supported, at ease, uncrossed) Arm at heart level. Take 2 readings (1-2 minutes apart). Use the average. True or False: even if the BP reading is very high (SBP 180+), you should wait to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension for a f/u visit. - Answer False: if the reading is mildly/moderately elevated, given education and repeat the reading at a f/u visit in 1-4 weeks. if the ready is very high (SBP 180+) or timely f/u is unrealistic, start treatment immediately after the first abnormal readings. True or False: K+, Mg2+. Ca2+, protein, and fiber are associated with elevated BP - Answer False: K+, Mg2+. Ca2+, protein, and fiber are associated with lowering BP Name the two types of diuretics and give examples of each - Answer Thiazide (HCTZ, chlorothiazide) Loop (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide) Give examples of ACEI (ACE inhibitors). What is your word clue? - Answer benazapril, captopril, lisinopril "-pril" Give examples of ARBs. What is your word clue? - Answer losartan, valsartan "-sartan" Give examples of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs). What is your word clue? There are two medications who do not contain this clue. What are they? - Answer amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine "-pine" Verapamil, Diltiazem Give examples of Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists. - Answer spironolactone, eplerenone Give examples of Alpha I Blockers. What is your word clue? There is a popular medication that doesn't contain this clue. What is it? - Answer doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, "-zosin" Tamsulosin Give examples of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (BBLs). What is your word clue? - Answer metoprolol, labetalol, propanalol "-alol" or "-olol" Discuss the thiazides: MOA, safety points - Answer 1st line agent. pulls Na+ and K+ for an osmotic shift (pee off the fluid). Spares Ca2+ and uric acid. *contains sulfa*. great as an add-on agent because it can potentiate the effects of the initial drug Discuss the ACEIs: MOA, safety points - Answer 1st line agent. stops the conversion of Ang I to Ang II (potent boa constrictor). also stops the breakdown of bradykinin (an inflammatory mediator that causes vasodilation). increases synthesis of vasodilation prostaglandins. ACEI cough (switch to an ARB). can increase K+. decreased renal function. angioedema. *protective in MILD kidney disease* *good for HTN + DM*