HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS *Assessment* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health. *Subjective data* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Subjective data* consist of information provided by the affected individual. *Objective data* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Objective data* include information obtained by the health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and laboratory studies. *The database* -CORRECT ANSWER-The *database* is the totality of information available about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis. *Diagnostic reasoning* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses. Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components? -CORRECT ANSWER- *Diagnostic reasoning* has which four major components? (1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information, signs, symptoms, or laboratory data; (2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation; (3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses; (4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to a final diagnosis. The *nursing process* includes which six phases? -CORRECT ANSWER-The *nursing process* includes which six phases? (1) *assessment*, (2) *diagnosis*, (3) *outcome identification*, (4) *planning*, (5) *implementation*, and (6) *evaluation*. It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and forth within the steps. The *novice nurse* -CORRECT ANSWER-The *novice nurse* has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to guide performance. The *experienced nurse* -CORRECT ANSWER-The *experienced nurse* understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it. *Critical thinking* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking process needed for sound diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment. Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting priorities.* *First-level priority problems* -CORRECT ANSWER-*First-level priority problems* are emergent, life-threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an airway or supporting breathing. *Second-level priority problems* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Second-level priority problems* are next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent deterioration, and may include a mental status change or acute pain. *Third-level priority problems* -CORRECT ANSWER-*Third-level priority problems* are important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after more urgent problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping. Evidence-based practice -CORRECT ANSWER-Evidence-based practice is a systematic approach to practice that uses the *best evidence,* the *clinician's experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions about care and treatment. Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases? -CORRECT ANSWER-Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases? (1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health history and a full physical examination. (2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete database. (3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems. (4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures. The *biomedical model* -CORRECT ANSWER-The *biomedical model* of Western medicine views health as the absence of disease. It focuses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease