CMSRN Pulmonary Study Guide 2024 Questions and Answers

Aspiration - When foreign compounds or small particles enter the airway PNA - Infection of lungs triggered by inflammation of air sacs (alveoli) Causes of PNA - Lung CA, aspiration, parasites, bacteria (such as mycoplasma/streptococcus), or viruses Nosocomial PNA - Develops in the hospital setting with another condition that lasts at least 48 hours Community Acquired PNA (CAP) - Contracted by infected people out in the community Is Nosocomial PNA or CAP more common? - CAP Test to find PNA - Chest X-ray Lobar infection - PNA on only one side of the lungs Bronchopneumonia - PNA throughout the lungs Interstitial PNA - PNA between the alveoli S/s of PNA - Fever, chills, dyspnea, dry or wet cough, & chest pain The cough for PNA may be dry if it's caused by what? - Mycoplasma bacteria 3 Tests for PNA - Chest X-ray, CBC, & CT scan (if lung CA is suspected) Treatment for PNA - Abx or antivirals depending on the type Steptococcus PNA treatment - Moxifloxacin or Levofloxacin Mycoplasma based PNA treatment - Clarithomycin, azithromycin, or eritheomycin CA-MRSA PNA - Occurs in hospital based PNA cases that had the flu first. Can be fatal CA-MRSA PNA treatmet - Linezolid Aspiration PNA happens when - Food, drinks, or other compounds enter airway and cause infection What 5 types of people are more at risk for aspiration PNA? - Patients with GERD, MS, head trauma, confusion, or alcoholism/drug use S/s of aspiration pna - Fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, hypotension, chest pain, cyanosis, and possible full airway obstruction Most significant symptoms of aspiration PNA occur when? - 24-48 hours after aspiration occured Treatment for aspiration PNA - Suctioning, oxygen, abx and possible mechanical ventilation Abx can be given for aspiration PNA after 24-48 hours of what? - Other standard treatments Foreign body aspiration - Life threatening situation when foreign body becomes lodged in larynx or trachea The right lung is more likely to be influenced by a foreign body in aspiration because - It's the right mainstream bronchus directly leading to the lungs based off angle and positioning Foreign body aspiration s/s - Intense sudden coughing, wheezing, choking, chest pains and cyanosis Tests for foreign body aspiration - CT scan or X-ray What should you do if acute choking occurs? - Heimlich maneuver If the patient isn't actively choking but feels obstruction or aspiration occurred, what test should be done? - Rigid, flexible, or surgical bronchoscopy What can occur after foreign body aspiration? - Secondary PNA Viral pna - PNA from a viral infection 2 types of people more likely to have viral pna - Elderly and children S/s of viral pna - Fever, chills, NP cough, headache, wheezing, and cyanosis Tests for viral PNA - Chest X-ray and viral cultures Medications for viral PNA - Oseltamivir and a zanamivir COPD - Airflow is blocked in the lungs d/t bronchitis or emphysema