AMSCO - 2.6 Reading Notes - AP History updated to pass 2023/2024

AMSCO - 2.6 Reading Notes - AP HistoryGenerally speaking, what was the impact of new crops (the good and the bad)? - correct answers New crops often had an impact on land use and population growth and distribution. In some areas, people found ways to sustain abundant production; in others, overuse of the land led to environmental degradation. Where do we think Champa Rice originated? How did it get to China? - correct answers Champa rice was introduced to the Champa states by Vietnam, a Hindu state, and then offered to the Chinese as tribute. Some scholars believe Champa rice may have originated in India. How did it (Champa Rice) impact China's: Population: - correct answers It was widely distributed in China to meet the needs of the growing population and in turn contributed to the population growth. How did it (Champa Rice) impact China's: Land use: - correct answers Through terraced farming in the uplands and paddies in the lowlands, Champa rice was grown in many parts of China where once land was thought unusable for growing rice. How did it (Champa Rice) impact China's: Migration: - correct answers As the population of China grew, people tended to migrate southward to the original rice growing region, contributing to the growth of cities. Who introduced this crop (bananas) to Sub-Saharan Africa? - correct answers Indonesian seafarers traveling across the Indian Ocean had introduced bananas to Sub-Saharan Africa. What was the major impact of bananas in this region (Sub-Saharan Africa)? - correct answers - Led to a spike in population - Many Indonesians settled on the island of Madagascar - Allowed the Bantu-speaking peoples to migrate to places where yams—a traditional food source—did not easily grow - Farmers increased land for cultivation - Enriched diets and led to population growth Who spread cotton, sugar, and citrus beyond the Arabian Peninsula? - correct answers As caliphs conquered lands beyond the Arabian Peninsula, they spread Islam, the Arabic language, and the cultivation of cotton, sugar, and citrus crops. Explain how cities like Samarkand were also involved in the spread of these items (sugar, cotton, and citrus crops). - correct answers New foods were also available at the markets along the trade routes. The markets of Samarkand, for example, introduced new fruits and vegetables, as well as rice and citrus products from Southwest Asia, to Europe. How does sugar impact the 1500s? - correct answers Europeans' demand for sugar would become so high that it became a key factor in the massive use of enslaved people in the Americas in the 1500s and after. How did increases in population impact the environment? - correct answers Increases in population put pressure on resources. How in turn did overuse of land impact places like Great Zimbabwe and the Mayans? - correct answers - Overgrazing outside of Great Zimbabwe was so severe that people had to abandon the city in the late 1400s. - In feudal Europe, overuse of farm land and deforestation led to soil erosion, reducing agricultural production. - The Little Ice Age (c. 1300—c. 1800) also contributed to a decrease in agricultural products. - Environmental degradation was a factor in the decline of the Mayans in the Americas as well. How did the Mongols and caravanserai help spread the plague? - correct answers - The Mongol conquests helped to transmit the fleas that carried the bubonic plague, termed the Black Death, from southern China to Central Asia, and from there to Southeast Asia and Europe. - Some historians believe the caravanserai that housed people and animals together may have contributed to the spread of the disease, since the animals likely carried infected fleas. How was the impact of the plague on Europe negative and positive? - correct answers - It killed one-third of the population there in a few years. - With fewer workers, agricultural production continued its decline. - The reduced number of workers led to a new relationship between workers and those they worked for: each person's labor became more valuable, so workers could demand higher wages. - This shift helped lay the groundwork for the economic changes that developed as feudalism declined.