TAMU BIOL 111 LAB PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7-12 WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

Know the structure of the chloroplast. - Outer Membrane (Envelope): - Inner Membrane (Envelope): - Thylakoid Membrane: - Stroma - Granum: Which reaction of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membrane? Photochemical or light reaction: - Light Dependent - Instantaneous - Capture Energy - Split Water To Release O2, Activate Electron Transport Chain. - Produce ATP and NADPH Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen Which reaction of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast? Calvin Cycle or Biochemical Reaction: - Light not required - Fast but not nearly instantaneous - Use Energy - Fix Carbon Dioxide To Glucose - Produce ADP + P and NADP+ What is the product of photosynthesis? - Glucose (C6H12O6) - Oxygen (O2) What was the purpose of the Light Intensity experiment? To determine the rate of photosynthesis by measuring the amount of oxygen released. In the light intensity experiment, what was the purpose of DPIP? DPIP was used as a substitute for NADPH during electron transport. What was the purpose of each test tube tested in the light intensity experiment? Each test tube was placed farther and farther away from the flood lamps to determine how fast photosynthesis will occur. Blank: was exposed to normal room light. Tube 1: was wrapped in foil (in darkness). Tube 2: exposed to to flood lamp that was 24 cm away. Tube 3: exposed to flood lamp that was 30 cm away. Tube 4: exposed to flood lamp that was 49 cm away. T/F: The greater the reduction of DPIP, the more clear the solution, and the lower the absorbance when measured with a spectrophotometer. True What does it mean when absorbance is low? The sample has a high reaction rate. What is the hypothesis of the light intensity experiment? The sample with the most exposure to light will have a higher (faster) reaction rate causing the sample to become clearer and the absorbance will lower. What is the purpose of the light wavelength experiment? Determine which color wavelength had the most effect on photosynthesis. What were the results to the light wavelength experiment? The white light had the most spinach disk. Blue and Red usually have around the same amount. Spinach disk did not float in green light or darkness. What is Action Spectrum? Charts the effectiveness of different wavelengths of light on photosynthesis. What is the purpose of Photosynthetic Pigments? Determine which wavelengths of light are used for photosynthesis. Determines the order of the molecules Picture Top to Bottom: Carotin Phaeophytin Chlorophyll A Chlorophyll B Lutein Vidaxanthin Neoxanthin T/F: Chlorophyll are small rings with polar hydrocarbon tails. False: Chlorophyll are LARGE rings with NONPOLAR hydrocarbon tails. T/F: Chlorophyll A and B are the main pigments in photosynthetic eukaryotes. True T/F: Chlorophyll A and B are non polar hydrocarbon chains. False: CAROTENES and XANTHOPHYLL are non polar hydrocarbon chains. What does the coleus experiment test for? What is the purpose of every reagent? - Boiled Water: Removed any red coloring and anthocyanin from the leaves. (Leaves will be green/yellow color). - Ethanol: Removes the chlorophyll from the leaves. (Leaves are white color.) - Lugol: Detects the starch in leaves (Leaves will be black). What is anthocyanin? Red Color result from water soluble pigments. How does the age of a leaf effect its energy use? - Young leaves put most of their energy into growth. - Mature leaves stores the products of photosynthesis. - Older leaves may transport the products of photosynthesis elsewhere in the plant prior to leaf drop. How do prokaryotic cells divide? Binary Fission: the simplest form of cell division. What kind of DNA do prokaryotic cells have? Circular DNA Strands. What are the different phases in Mitosis? Interphase (Growth and Replication) - G1: Prepare for DNA replication - S: DNA Replication - G2: Prepare for Mitosis M Phase (Mitosis) - Prophase: Nuclear envelope disintegrates and chromosomes are released into the cytoplasm. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles (Animal). Spindle forms without a centresome (Plant). Spindle fibers attach to the centromeric region of each chromosome (Both). - Metaphase: Spindle fibers connect chromosomes to the polar regions of the cell. Spindle fiber shorten, chromosomes are dragged into alignment along the equatorial plane, or METAPHASE PLATE, of the cell. - Anaphase: Sister chomatids separate into daughter chromosomes and are drawn to opposite poles by the spindle fibers. Strands oof DNA with its own centromere are considered a chromosome. - Telephase: Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes. Centresomes disappears and chromosomes slowly uncoil and decondese into a diffuse chromatin state. Nuclei forms in each of the two new daughter cells. - Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm. Animals: Shallow groove or CLEAVAGE FURROW, forms on the surface of the cell near old metaphase plate. Contractile ring of actin microfilaments forms. Rings contract, deepening the cleavage until the parent cell is pinched in two. Plants: Do not have cleavage furrows. CELL PLATE forms along the middle of the dividing cell and enlarges until its outer membrane fuses with the plasma membrane of the parent cell. Diploid: (2n) somatic (body) cells. 2 daughter cells.