NURS 6501 Mod 1-4 Questions & Answers Solved 100%
Correct!!
Why is HDL considered good cholesterol?
It's able to remove cholesterol from artery plaques and recycle it back to the liver.
Why is HDL consider good cholesterol
HDL is considered good cholesterol because it collects excess cholesterol in the body
cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted. HDL carries 20 to 25% of total
plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to
mitochondrial damage that results in an increased free radical production that further
activates the chronic inflammatory vicious cycle
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Activated mast cells recruit inflammatory cells that provoke plaque formation and lead to
atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates occupy layers of arteries were stable
plaques are formed and associated with atherosclerosis.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Additionally active inflammation involves a thinning at the fibrous Of atherosclerotic
plaque which predisposes vulnerable plaque to rupture.
Why does the APRN recognize as the result of the pleural friction rub?
The inflammation of the pericardium due to either the underlying autoimmune disease
or a post viral syndrome causes roughening of the pericardium. This causes the classic
rug which can be best heard at the Apex of the heart and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms
Rheumatic heart disease RHD only develops after a pharyngeal infection with group a
beta hemolytic streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell mediated
response to M proteins. Inflammation causes proliferative and exudative lesions in
connective tissue.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms
Inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. Inflammation usually affects the
endocardium which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes swelling of
leaflets in the valves.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in
this patient and explain how each of the factors could cause DVT
Virchow's Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. Injury to the intimal layer of
the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the
expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence to the platelets to the
vessel wall.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in
this patient and explain how each of the factors could cause DVT
Platelets become activated, then aggregate, forming clots. Venous stasis is a result of
obesity, patients advanced age, and inability to perform physical therapy therapy.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation
, The embolus lodges somewhere in the pulmonary circulation and causes a
ventilation/perfusion mismatch V/Q. Ventilation perfusion mismatch or V/Q defects are
defects in total long ventilation perfusion ratio.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation
It is a condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood
flow, or they receive blood flow but no oxygen due to obstruction somewhere in the
pulmonary circulation. This causes a decreased area for oxygen exchange.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
The V/Q mismatch causes release of neurohumeral substances and inflammatory
mediators that cause vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature further impeding
oxygenation.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
Hemodynamically this vasoconstriction results in pulmonary hypertension, making it
difficult for the right ventricle to pump blood.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
The V/Q mismatch also creates decreased production of surfactant causing atelectasis
that further decreases surface area available for oxygen exchange.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
When there is an initial airway exposure to an antigen, an innate and adaptive immune
response is initiated.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Cells that can initiate the inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and hyperresonance of
the airways include Dedrick cells, T-helper 2 cells, lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, mast
cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Early asthmatic response is a phase of bronchospasm that peaks at about 30 minutes
and usually resolves after about 3 hours.
Explain late asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Late asthmatic responses are mediated by earlier exposure in early phase that causes
a latent release of inflammatory mediators. These mediators, leukotrienes and
prostaglandin D, cause bronchospasm, edema, and mucus secretions that obstruct
airflow.
Explain late asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Airway obstruction creates resistance to airflow and causes air trapping. Continued air
trapping increases intrapleural and alveolar gas pressure, decreases ventilation and
perfusion leading to uneven and variable ventilation/perfusion in the lung.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Emphysema is a disease of the airways that causes permanent enlargement of the gas
exchange airways. It is accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls and does not
appear to be fibrotic.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Chronic exposure to irritants recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the
lung resulting in progressive damage from inflammatory oxidative stress.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli leading to decrease surface area
for gas exchange that causes significant ventilation/perfusion mismatch.
Correct!!
Why is HDL considered good cholesterol?
It's able to remove cholesterol from artery plaques and recycle it back to the liver.
Why is HDL consider good cholesterol
HDL is considered good cholesterol because it collects excess cholesterol in the body
cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted. HDL carries 20 to 25% of total
plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to
mitochondrial damage that results in an increased free radical production that further
activates the chronic inflammatory vicious cycle
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Activated mast cells recruit inflammatory cells that provoke plaque formation and lead to
atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates occupy layers of arteries were stable
plaques are formed and associated with atherosclerosis.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis
Additionally active inflammation involves a thinning at the fibrous Of atherosclerotic
plaque which predisposes vulnerable plaque to rupture.
Why does the APRN recognize as the result of the pleural friction rub?
The inflammation of the pericardium due to either the underlying autoimmune disease
or a post viral syndrome causes roughening of the pericardium. This causes the classic
rug which can be best heard at the Apex of the heart and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms
Rheumatic heart disease RHD only develops after a pharyngeal infection with group a
beta hemolytic streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell mediated
response to M proteins. Inflammation causes proliferative and exudative lesions in
connective tissue.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms
Inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. Inflammation usually affects the
endocardium which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes swelling of
leaflets in the valves.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in
this patient and explain how each of the factors could cause DVT
Virchow's Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. Injury to the intimal layer of
the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the
expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence to the platelets to the
vessel wall.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in
this patient and explain how each of the factors could cause DVT
Platelets become activated, then aggregate, forming clots. Venous stasis is a result of
obesity, patients advanced age, and inability to perform physical therapy therapy.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation
, The embolus lodges somewhere in the pulmonary circulation and causes a
ventilation/perfusion mismatch V/Q. Ventilation perfusion mismatch or V/Q defects are
defects in total long ventilation perfusion ratio.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation
It is a condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood
flow, or they receive blood flow but no oxygen due to obstruction somewhere in the
pulmonary circulation. This causes a decreased area for oxygen exchange.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
The V/Q mismatch causes release of neurohumeral substances and inflammatory
mediators that cause vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature further impeding
oxygenation.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
Hemodynamically this vasoconstriction results in pulmonary hypertension, making it
difficult for the right ventricle to pump blood.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain
The V/Q mismatch also creates decreased production of surfactant causing atelectasis
that further decreases surface area available for oxygen exchange.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
When there is an initial airway exposure to an antigen, an innate and adaptive immune
response is initiated.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Cells that can initiate the inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and hyperresonance of
the airways include Dedrick cells, T-helper 2 cells, lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, mast
cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Early asthmatic response is a phase of bronchospasm that peaks at about 30 minutes
and usually resolves after about 3 hours.
Explain late asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Late asthmatic responses are mediated by earlier exposure in early phase that causes
a latent release of inflammatory mediators. These mediators, leukotrienes and
prostaglandin D, cause bronchospasm, edema, and mucus secretions that obstruct
airflow.
Explain late asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses
Airway obstruction creates resistance to airflow and causes air trapping. Continued air
trapping increases intrapleural and alveolar gas pressure, decreases ventilation and
perfusion leading to uneven and variable ventilation/perfusion in the lung.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Emphysema is a disease of the airways that causes permanent enlargement of the gas
exchange airways. It is accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls and does not
appear to be fibrotic.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Chronic exposure to irritants recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the
lung resulting in progressive damage from inflammatory oxidative stress.
Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and how it relates to COPD
Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli leading to decrease surface area
for gas exchange that causes significant ventilation/perfusion mismatch.
