BIOL250 Week 16 Comprehensive Final Exam (Spring) American Public University

1. Question: Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct? 2. Question: Which of the following statements is true? 3. Question: Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. 4. Question: The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in either its internal or external environments is called ___________. 5. Question: What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" 6. Question: Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct? 7. Question: The thoracic cage (rib cage) forms the thorax (chest) portion of the body. It consists of the _______ pairs of ribs and the _______. 8. Question: The skeleton is divided into two major divisions, the __________________. 9. Question: Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? 10. Question: The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ________. 11. Question: The paranasal sinuses are ________. 12. Question: The vertebral column is also known as the _________________. 13. Question: Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. Which ones are they? 14. Question: Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have? 15. Question: Which of the following is NOT a part of the nucleotides that make up DNA? 16. Question: A saturated fatty acid has the maximum number of which atoms in its chain? 17. Question: CH4 is methane and what type of compound? 18. Question: Most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by which of the following? 19. Question: Transcription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively. 20. Question: Human sex cells (sperm or egg) contain _____ chromosomes. All other cells contain _____ chromosomes. 21. Question: The stage of the cell cycle during which two new and fully functional nuclei are formed is called ________. 22. Question: The most direct method by which an ion or molecule can move across a cell membrane is by ____________. 23. Question: A ______ cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells. 24. Question: Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? 25. Question: Which trait reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred? 26. Question: Zoe has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? 27. Question: What is an allele? 28. Question: Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by which of the following? 29. Question: Which Of Mendel's laws states that when any individual produces sex cells, gametes, the copies of gene separate, so that each sex cell, gamete, receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other? 30. Question: The broad categories of connective tissue include which of the following types of connective tissue? 31. Question: _________ muscle is also called voluntary muscle. 32. Question: The different types of cells are not randomly distributed throughout the body; rather they occur in organized layers, a level of organization referred to as ______. 33. Question: The basic types of cell-to-cell junctions between epithelial cells are ________. 34. Question: In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? 35. Question: The standard and initial response of the body to injury is called ___________. 36. Question: The cuticle of the nail is also known as the _____________. 37. Question: Which of the following layers contain blood vessels? 38. Question: Which of the following receptors responds to vibration? 39. Question: Because the skin sloughs off on a regular basis, the most superficial layer of the epidermis is primarily composed of what type of tissue? 40. Question: What is the largest organ of the body? 41. Question: Which of the following skin conditions results from long-term, unrelieved pressure over certain body parts that are bony, leading to death of the overlying tissue? 42. Question: Which of the following is a critical result of bone recycling (remodeling)? 43. Question: Which type of joint is freely moveable, such as the elbow and knee? 44. Question: Where can osteocytes be found within compact bone? 45. Question: Tendons are a type of fibrous connective tissue. What do tendons connect to bones? 46. Question: A patient complains of severe neck pain. The clinician will examine which group of vertebrae? 47. Question: What are the bone forming cells that secrete organic matrix? 48. Question: The ankle joint ________. 49. Question: Which of these allows the head to rock forward and backward? 50. Question: Which of the following joint classifications is the most moveable listed? 51. Question: When the rounded process of one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow movement in one plane it is called what type of joint? 52. Question: Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis? 53. Question: Where are suture joints found? 54. Question: How is Treppe different from Tetanus? 55. Question: Where does a muscle fiber first respond to signaling from a motor neuron? 56. Question: Which two proteins interact to cause a contraction in skeletal muscle? 57. Question: Which of the following is not a type of muscle tissue? 58. Question: The functional unit of a muscle fiber is called what? 59. Question: All but which of the following are characteristics of aerobic respiration? 60. Question: If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to? 61. Question: The threshold membrane potential difference is ________. 62. Question: What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin? 63. Question: Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell? 64. Question: The nervous system of our bodies is very, very complex. According to your author, how should we work our way through this in order to understand its structure? 65. Question: Which of the following cavities contains a component of the central nervous system? 66. Question: Where the CSF is filtered back into the blood for drainage from the nervous system. 67. Question: The meninges protrude through the spinal column but nerves may not be involved and few symptoms are present. This describes which of the following? 68. Question: Which portion of the ventricular system is found within the diencephalon? 69. Question: What gives rise to most of the muscle and connective tissues? 70. Question: All of the following are motor nerves EXCEPT: 71. Question: Which of these will eventually become the nervous tissue of the eye called the retina? 72. Question: A more familiar name for the major sense of somatosensation is ________. 73. Question: Some specialists list as many as _____ different sensory modalities. There are ______ major senses which can then be separated into more specific categories. 74. Question: A major role of _________ receptors (part of the somatic nervous system) is to help us learn about the environment around us or about the state of our internal environment. 75. Question: A more familiar name for the major sense named audition is _________. 76. Question: What type of receptor cell is involved in the sensations of sound and balance? 77. Question: What are some of the specific cell types that can act as receptors? 78. Question: What is another name for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart? 79. Question: Which of the following release ACh? 80. Question: Which of the following can be the cause of orthostatic hypotension? 81. Question: What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil? 82. Question: Emotions such as anxiety or stress involve which brain structure? 83. Question: Regarding the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which of these is TRUE? 84. Question: Which of the following cranial nerves is not part of the VOR? 85. Question: Which nerve is responsible for taste, as well as salivation, in the anterior oral cavity? 86. Question: All of these are important to cerebellar function EXCEPT? 87. Question: Which of the following is not part of the corticospinal pathway? 88. Question: Multiple sclerosis best described by which of the following? 89. Question: Which of the following is not a cause of cerebellar ataxia? 90. Question: The pelvic girdle consists of which of the following bones? 91. Question: Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula? 92. Question: The trapezoid (of the wrist) is __________ to the capitate. 93. Question: Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row? 94. Question: The Q-angle ____________. 95. Question: Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly. 96. Question: Which of the following terms would be used in the name of a muscle that moves the leg away from the body? 97. Question: To pull on a bone, that is, to change the angle at its synovial joint, which essentially moves the skeleton, a skeletal muscle must also be attached to a fixed part of the skeleton. The moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled is called the muscle's ________, and the end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone is called the _______. 98. Question: The skeletal muscles are divided into _______ (muscles of the trunk and head) and ___________ (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. 99. Question: Think about the things that you do each day—talking, walking, sitting, standing, and running—all of these activities require movement of particular _____________ 100. Question: Anatomists name the skeletal muscles according to a number of criteria, each of which describes the muscle in some way. These include naming it_____________.