PNCB PREP DERMATOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

What type of hair is darkly pigmented and found primarily on the scalp and face of males? Terminal hair Bulb matrix New hair cells Brainpower Read More 0:05 / 0:15 KOH preparation Provides rapid and reliable method for evaluating fungal elements Wood's lamp An alcohol lamp, used in conjunction with KOH preparation in evaluating fungal elements Physical examination of hair includes: Thickness, loss and texture What is the normal angle of a nail? 160 degrees Capillary refill should occur within: 2 seconds Arc-shaped skin lesion: Arcuate Fissure Linear crack from epidermis into dermis Characteristics of vesicles: Raised, fluid-filled lesions less than 1cm (e.g. blisters or HSV) Which ethnicity often has a bluish tinge of the lips? Mediterranean What is the average age of onset of acne? 12 years old At what age should the PCP begin to discuss sun exposure with parents? At birth - Sunscreen is not to be used before 6 months of age - Infants should be kept out of the sun completely, kept in the shade, and wearing a wide-brimmed hat and protective clothing In infants, the lesions associated with atopic dermatitis are most likely to be distributed on the: Cheeks and forehead A generalize lacy reticulated blue discoloration observed on a newborn is: Cutis marmorata A light pink lesion on the back of 2-month-old's neck that darkens/intensifies with crying is observed. This description is consistent with: Sturge-Weber disease The PCP observes 8, light brown macules, 0.5cm to 0.75cm on trunk arms and legs. What should be included in the management plan? Referral to Dermatology. Concern for Neurofibromatosis. 6 or more lesions may indicate neurofibromatosis and requires further evaluation. Beefy red macular-papular rash in the diaper area with satellite lesions on the abdomen is referred to as: Candida albicans Treatment for candida albicans Antifungal agents (e.g. Clotramizole) In treatment of pediculosis capitis, objects that cannot be washed should be: Sealed in plastic bags for 2 to 4 weeks Mild acne is characterized by: Open and closed comedones and occasional pustules. Comedonal acne is characterized by: Limited to open and closed comedones ONLY Moderate acne is characterized by: Open and closed comedones, papules, and pustules. Severe acne is characterized by: Open and closed comedones, papules and pustules, in addition to cysts. A rash consisting of redness with yellow-white "bumps" all over the body, except palms and soles is described as: Erythema toxicum A child presents with a solitary nonpruritic lesion around his upper lip. Closer inspection reveals some vesicles and honey-colored crusts. This finding is consistent with: Impetigo Impetigo is a bacterial infection caused by - Staphylococcus aureus - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus - Streptococcus pyogenes What is the treatment of choice for mild cases of impetigo? Topical antibiotics A 4yo African American child with depigmented macular on his forehead with sharp borders; no scales are present. Findings are consistent with: Vitiligo What is the most appropriate treatment for vitiligo? Alpha hydroxy acid Common warts are found where: Mostly on fingers, hands and feet in children - Often preceded by trauma (e.g. nail biting or picking at cuticles) Postterm infant presents with lesions of varying morphology, including wheals, vesicles, and pustules on the trunk. The PCP suspects: Erythema toxicum neonatorum Cutis marmorata (characterized as generalized, lacy, reddish-blue appearance) is often precipitated by: Exposure to cold Management of cutis marmorata: - Keep neonate at stable temperature - Reduce exposure to cold Treatment of erythema toxicum neonatorum: - No treatment necessary; condition is benign and self-limiting - Spontaneous resolution occurs within 5 to 7 days