BOARD PREP – DERMATOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024.

erythema toxicum neonatorum Red papular rash on baby's torso which is benign and disappears after a few days. In order to confirm your diagnosis of JD (erythema toxicum neonatorum), you order a Wright's stained smear. If your diagnosis is correct, what are the expected results of the smear? a. presence of eosinophils b. presence of neutrophils c. presence of keratinous material d. presence of staphylococcus bacteria A. Presence of Eosinophils A Wright's stained smear of pustules identifies a predominance of 90% eosinophils rather than neutrophils, which rules out neonatal pustular melanosis Best Small School Prospects in the 2022 NFL Draft 0:02 / 0:47 Milia +Benign +small, yellow-white, 1 to 2 mm size inclusion cysts filled with cheesy keratinous material on face of newborn Physical Findings of Milia +numerous firm, pearly, yellow-white 1 to 2 mm inclusion papular cysts on the cheeks, forehead, and nose; predominantly on face may be found on other body surfaces +oral counterpart is yellow, papular lesions on hard palate known as Epstein pearls +condition resolves spontaneously without treatment within a few weeks as lesions exfoliate Which condition is thought to be more apparent in darker-skinned individuals or during the summer months? Pityriasis Alba Pityriasis Alba Acquired condition of hypopigmented, finely scaled macular lesions of varying sizes and shapes with indistinct borders occurring predominantly on cheeks +exposure to sunlight may exacerbate lesions, making them more pronounced +repigmentation occurs spontaneously and slowly over 3 to 4 months KOH prep can rule out tinea corporis Pityriasis Alba Management +reduce sunlight exposure, especially from 10am-3pm +use bland moisturizers to reduce over-drying +recommend camouflage with water-resistant cosmetics for adolescents Pityriasis Rosea Acquired common mild inflammatory condition characterized by scaly, hypopigmented and hyperpigmented lesions predominantly on the trunk, upper arms, and upper thighs +christmas tree pattern +herald patch of 1-5 cm on trunk or buttocks +round and oval scaly, macular lesions, develop over 2 week period on skin lines Management of Pityriasis Rosea +self-limiting, will resolve spontaneously in 3 to 4 months +topical calamine lotion on lesions +oral antipruritic for itching (benedryl) +cool bath or compress on lesions +low-potency steroid creams Which of the following management measures would you NOT recommend for Atopic Dermatitis? Apply steroids to affected area Apply Wet compresses to affected skin areas Maintain a dry, warm environment Eliminate all substances that dry the skin C. maintain a dry, warm environment atopic dermatitis worsens with sweating and temperature extremes, so a dry and warm environment makes symptoms worse In addition to having atopic dermatitis, you have diagnosed DL with a secondary bacterial infection at the site of several lesions. what is the best management for the infection? a. topical antibiotics to affected areas b. oral antibiotics c. hot compresses to affected areas d. Monitored and controlled daily sun exposure until lesions resolve B. oral antibiotics Bactrim, cephalexin, clindamycin Capillary Hemangioma Bright red or blue-red nodular tumors of varying sizes and shape with a rubbery and rough surface, predominantly on head and face +often NOT present at birth, area of eventual lesion is blanched or slightly colored Pattern of Growth and Resolution of Capillary Hemangioma +grows quickly within 2-4 weeks to a red or blue-red protuberant, rubbery nodule or plaque +most growth in first 6 months +gradual reduction in proliferation usually begins between 9 to 12 months** Malignant Melanoma Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. +light-skinned individuals +severe sunburn before 10 yrs old increases risk +Spread through the lymphatic system and invades other skin surfaces and organs +avoiding tanning beds and using cover-ups, hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen are the best preventions Psoriasis chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales Psoriasis vulgaris large 5 to 10 cm plaques with thick silvery-white scales located on elbows and knees Psoriasis Guttate small 3 to 10 mm multiple teardrop, round or oval papules and patches that become covered by a silvery-gray-white scale on trunk and proximal extremities Management of Psoriasis Reduce hypertrophy of lesion by: +use controlled and limited sunshine exposure +apply topical steroids +mineral oil and moisturizers at least BID to decrease drying