BIOL 1P92 Final Exam Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Latests update

BIOL 1P92 Final Exam Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Latests update Which tissues contract? - ANSWER Muscle tissue contracts: - skeletal - smooth - cardiac Out-pouching of esophagus in birds - ANSWER The lower esophageal of birds is called the crop and it is an area where birds can store things What is Darwinian fitness? - ANSWER It is the relative likelihood that a genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compared with other generations It is a measure of reproductive success(not physical) Uses the letter W to measure and they all have to add to 1.0 The one that produces the most offspring become the denominator In mammals what's the primary site of nutrient absorption? - ANSWER 90% of digestion occurs in the small intestine the rest occurs in the mouth and large intestine What is Emulsification? - ANSWER It is a process during digestion that disrupts large lipid droplets into many tiny droplets, thereby increasing their total surface area and exposure to lipase It is a way to properly digest fat by breaking lumps of lipids into smaller globules Why is it more difficult for smaller birds to maintain their body temps than larger birds? - ANSWER Larger animals have a smaller ratio of surface area to volume and it makes them better at conserving heat Smaller snails are more efficient at diffusion because their surface area to volume ratio is much bigger Mammals and insects and what is similar in their respiratory systems - ANSWER In both respiratory systems, tubes are used to convey air throughout the system There are thing cells at the junction between the air and the cell Both have very similar structure of getting air into the body and to the cells that need oxygen Fats vs. Carbohydrates (in terms of digestion and absorption) - ANSWER CARBOHYDRATES *some polysaccharide digestion occurs in the mouth, but most takes place in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase, producing maltose *maltose and other disaccharides broken down by enzymes on brush border of small intestine *monosaccharides transported across intestinal epithelium into the blood FATS *ingested as triglycerides *digestion occurs almost entirely in small intestine *emulsification ~increases the S.A, providing greater exposure to lipase ~muscular contractions break up large droplets Vertebrates and sea squirts (chordates) (what they share, characteristics) - ANSWER Suspension feeding *filter organic matter out of water Supergroup amebozoa (the way that they move) - ANSWER They move by pseudopodia, which involves extending cytoplasm into filaments or lobes Difference between in zygotic and sporic life cycles - ANSWER ZYGOTIC *simpler *spends more time in mitosis and fertilization *haploid gametophyte tissue makes gametes by mitosis *only a few haploid spores produced per zygote SPORIC *four steps to it *goes through mitosis twice *after the first mitosis step, a new multicellular diploid sporophyte forms Traits that are shared between plants and streptophyte algae (what they don't share) - ANSWER They share: *photosynthetic features *reproductive features Similar Traits Include: *distinctive type of cytokinesis *plasmodesmata *sexual reproduction using egg and smaller sperm Differ from plants in life size (zygotic in charophyceans vs, sporic in plants0 The phylogeny of plants (kingdom plantae is a clade of bryophytes and what other group) - ANSWER 3 phyla of bryophytes that are early to evolve plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms Example of a tree and asking which of the following plants is it most closely related to? - ANSWER Whatever species has the least number of branches connecting it on the phylogenetic tree Phylogeny of plants, to be able to look at the sequence at what type of organisms came first and what's more recently evolved and earliest (first appear) - ANSWER The order goes as follows: 1) bryophytes 2) seedless vascular plants 3) non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms) 4) flowering plants Where is plant sperm produced? - ANSWER Sperm in gametophytes are produced in male gametangia In flowering plants, sperm nuclei are produced inside pollen What is a tracheid? - ANSWER A type of dead, dignified plant cell in the xylem that conducts water, along with dissolved minerals; also provides structural support Sponges- how do you get water in/out of the sponge? (morphology) - ANSWER Water drawn through pores into spongocoel (central cavity) and flows out through osculum at the top Synapomorphy, Autapomorphy - what kind of traits are used for phylogeny - ANSWER Synapomorphic *shared derived characteristics Autaporphic *a derived trait that is unique to one group