Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed

Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed name the 4 main elements that make up 95% of an organism carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen name the 4 types of bonds carbon can form single, double, triple and quadruple bonds what are macromolecules large, organic molecules name the 4 classes of macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins give 2 examples of nucleic acids DNA & RNA what elements make up carbohydrates & lipids (symbol) ? (CHO) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen name 3 elements your body needs trace amounts of for proper functioning calcium, potassium, and sulfur macromolecules are also known as ______ polymers if all the macromolecules are made mainly of the elements CHO, how are they different? they are different in the ratios of the elements name 2 ways your body uses carbohydrates for energy and structural support what are the subunits called that make up carbohydrates? monosaccharides what is the ratio of C, H, and O in monosaccharides? 1:2:1 name 3 monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose monosaccharides are ______ sugars simple what are disaccharides & give an example? double sugars, sucrose long chains of sugar are ______ polysaccharides name three polysaccharides. cellulose, chitin, and glycogen what subunits make up proteins? amino acids proteins also act as _____ in cells to control reactions enzymes name the 2 functional groups in amino acids the carboxyl and amino group cells have ______ of enzymes to act as biological ______ thousands, catalysts enzymes have an attachment site called the _____ site for the _____ to join active, substrate what is the effect of excess heat or temperature on an enzyme? excessive heat changes the shape of enzymes and their active sites so the enzyme is unable to work amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of ____ in a process called ______ water, condensation chains of amino acids make _____ which can join together to make a _______ polypeptides, protein ________ bonds form when water is removed to hold ______ acids together peptide, amino lipids are nonpolar. what does this mean? they will not dissolve in the water what will lipids dissolve in? acid ______ make up cell membranes phospholipids name a waxy lipid covering plants. cuticle plants pigment like _____ are also _____ chlorophyll, lipids lipids have more ____ and ____ than they do oxygen atoms carbon, hydrogen fats are made of an alcohol called ____ and three ______ _______ chains. this is known as a ________ glycerol, fatty acid, triglycerol if there are all single bonds between _____ in the fatty acid chain, then it is said to be _____ carbons, saturated if there is a double bond between ______ in the fatty acid chain, then it is said to be _____ carbons, unsaturated the end of the fatty acid that does not attach to glycerol has what functional group? write a formula for this group carboxyl functional group, C-COOH ____ layers of _____ make up the cell membrane two, phospholipids the head of a phospholipid ____ water and is said to be _____ love, hydrophilic the two tails of a phospholipid ____ water and is said to be _____ fear, hydrophobic nucleic acids carry ____ information in a molecule called ____ or ____ ______ acid genetic, DNA, deoxyribose nucleis DNA has the instructions for making a cell's _____ protein The nucleic acid ____ copies DNA so _____ can be made RNA, proteins _____ are the subunits making up nucleic acid nucleotides the 3 parts of a nucleotide are a 5 carbon ____, a phosphate, and a nitrogen ______ sugar, base ____ is a high energy molecule made from a ____ with ____ phosphates ATP, nucleotide, three name the subunits that make up each of the macromolecules carbohydrates (monosaccharides) proteins (amino acids) lipids (triglycerides) nucleic acids (nucleotides) enzymes can be denatured (unfolded) by what environment factors? heat what process is used to link amino acids together? condensation name the bonds found between amino acids in a polypeptide chain peptide bond explain the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide. give an example of each disaccharide is a double sugar (sugar) polysaccharides are long chains (cellulose) what 2 functional groups are found in amino acids carboxyl group & amino group why are enzymes important to organisms enzymes help to control different functions of the cell (catalyst) name the subunit that makes up fats triglyceride what alcohol is found in triglyceride glycerol