LUOA Earth Science Module 2 (2023/2024) Rated A

LUOA Earth Science Module 2 (2023/2024) Rated A Copper is generally used for electrical wiring All rocks are made of minerals We all use minerals every day. We brush our teeth with toothpaste containing ____________, an abrasive powder that scrubs our teeth. We take a shower, get out and maybe put __________ powder on us. We turn on the light switch that has wires made of ___________. calcite, talcum, copper Why is oil not a mineral? (Choose 2) because it is a liquid, because it is made of living things All the following are characteristics of minerals except random arrangement of atoms How many elements are found in most minerals? 6 Computers have the mineral _______________ in their motherboard. silica Some minerals are made out of ____________ element(s), called ___________ element(s). one, native Evaporated water can leave behind the mineral _________. halite What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust? oxygen and silicon Using the Mohs hardness scale, give the hardness of the mineral that can only be scratched by a steel nail. (You may use your Moh's hardness Chart) 6 Which mineral has a streak that is different from the visible color? pyrite Which formulas are correct? (You may have to rearrange the formula - select all that apply) V = M/D , D = M/V , M = D x V Density is calculated by the _______________ of the mineral. mass and volume In which test/characteristic would help you decide whether the surface is dull, waxy, or pearly? luster The mineral galena breaks into tiny cubes. Why does this occur? Its internal arrangement of atoms causes it to form a cube Which property is the most useful for identifying a mineral (one that is unlikely to change between specimens or types of minerals)? streak test Hardness 7 on the Moh's scale of hardness (quartz) _______________________. can be scratched with a drill bit, cannot be scratched with a penny easily, cannot be scratched with a steel knife easily What has a metallic luster and is 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs hardness scale? galena Which mineral reacts to the acid test? calcite All of the following are special properties except ________________________. luster What is cleavage? how a mineral splits along a plane What type of rocks begin their cooling underground? Pyroclastic rocks Magma that cools in between rock layers WITHOUT reaching the Earth's surface is called ________________________. Intrusive Igneous Rock The silica content of igneous rock ___________________________. increases as the sample of rock gets lighter in color Type of Magma/Lava Intrusive Extrusive Basaltic Gabbro Basalt, Scoria Andesitic Diorite Andesite Granitic Granite Rhyolite, Pumice, Obsidian Of these igneous rocks, which would contain the largest crystals? (You may use your rock charts) diorite Granite is formed when magma cools slowly. Granite is a (an) ____________ (you may use your rock charts) intrusive igneous rock Which is an example of an extrusive igneous rock? (you may use your igneous rock identification chart) scoria Basaltic magma ____________________________. (you may use your charts) forms in rifts or oceanic hotspots The amount of magnesium and iron ____________________________. increases in mafic rocks Rhyolitic magma ____________________________. (you may use your charts) has the highest silica content Andesitic magma ____________________________. (you may use your charts) generally erupts explosively magma molten rock below ground lava molten rock above ground small crystals rocks that cool quickly have these porphrytic rocks that cool quickly, then slowly intrusive igneous rocks that form below ground extrusive igneous rocks that form above ground felsic rocks that have more quartz and feldspar mafic rocks that have more magnesium and iron granite a rock that is high in silicon What processes cause igneous rock to form? melting and solidification Fine-grained rocks that have coarse crystals in it are what type of texture? Porphyritic Which of the following causes the melting temperature of magma to increase? (You may use your identification charts) decreasing the silica content Andesitic magma has ____________________ (You may use your charts) intermediate composition and formed at a subduction boundary Rocks that have a Vesicular Texture have a distinct feature of looking like a sponge due to gas bubbles that form. Which rock has this texture? pumice Which is an example of an extrusive igneous rock? (you may use your igneous rock identification chart) scoria Which of the following causes the melting temperature of magma to increase? (You may use your identification charts) decreasing the silica content Mafic igneous rocks contain about _______________________. (You may use your rock identification chart) 50% silica Gabbro is all of the following choices except ________________________. (You may use your charts) aphanatic Why does rhyolite have smaller crystals than granite? (you may use your identification charts) rhyolite cooled quicker than granite Fossils are only found in ____________________. sedimentary rocks Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by ___________________. (Choose the BEST answer) clay, sand, or rocks being cemented together The process of overlying weight compressing rocks together is called _____________. compaction A(n) ______________ is a rock that is formed by the precipitation of minerals after evaporation. evaporite ___________________ is the process of clastic rocks getting "glued" together. cementation This sedimentary rock is flaky and nonporous. It is made of clay and easily broken. shale The farther a sediment is transported, the _______________ the particle is. smaller Rock salt, gypsum, and chemical limestone are formed by ______________________. evaporation of water Horizontal layers of sediment are laid down in a process called _____________________. stratification If the rock particles are eroded and deposited, they may mix with dead organic matter to form _____________. organic sedimentary rock What type of sedimentary rock is composed of seashells? conquina A sedimentary rock that can be made up of many whole igneous or metamorphic rocks is called _______________. conglomerate There is a mineral that is common to both organic and chemical sedimentary rocks. Which is it? calcite A ______________ is evidence of something that was once alive and is now in a rock layer. fossil Which rock is very porous and water can sometimes go right through? sandstone A stream deposits its sediment into a lake. In what order would you find the three types of clastic sedimentary rocks, highest layer to deepest layer? shale, sandstone, conglomerate ____________ and silt are the two sediments that make up the sedimentary rock shale. clay What type of sedimentary rock is coal? organic Sedimentary rock features include: ____________________ (select all that apply) fossils, ripple marks, geodes When a metamorphic rock splits along mineral layers that are parallel to each other, it is called _________. slaty foliation What rock is formed due to the metamorphism of sandstone? quartzite In the metamorphism of shale, increasing temperature and pressure changes shale from ____________ to ___________to _____________ and finally ____________ Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss A wavy patterned rock has been __________________. folded What rock is formed due to the metamorphism of Limestone? marble Metamorphic rocks are formed by ____________________________. heat and pressure Non-foliated metamorphic rocks ______________________. do not have foliation because there isn't enough pressure for the minerals to align themselves Banding in metamorphic rocks shows a type of foliation called _______________ gneissic foliation Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed due to _________________________ (Select all that apply). regional metamorphism, crystals aligning in bands, intense heat and pressure Metamorphic rocks occur mostly along ________________. convergent plate boundaries